Transcript Famous Chinese Wine

Chinese Liquor/Wine Culture
Chinese Wine Culture
Introduction of Chinese Wine
The Origin of Chinese Wine
Classification of Chinese Wine
Famous Chinese Wines
Occasions & Customs of Wine Drinking in China
Drinking Etiquettes in China
Chinese Poets with Wine
The stories about wine
Introduction
• Wine has a close connection with culture in
China both in ancient and modern times.
“Wine drinking is something of learning rather
than eating and drinking."
•
Wine has a history as long as that of mankind.
According to legend, the Chinese people
began to make wine with grains seven
thousand years ago; with animal milk, ten
thousand years ago.
• Wine has close connection with social
customs in China. There are fifty-six
nationalities in China and drinking customs
vary from nationality to nationality. For
instance, the Mongolians will present three
cups of wine to a guest and go on singing
songs of wine until the guest finishes them.
• Wine has been an inseparable part of the life
of ordinary Chinese people through numerous
events such as birthday, farewell dinner,
wedding, etc.
• Wine has also appealed to literary and refined
scholars and many anecdotes about their
drinking were handed down from generation
to generation, such as li Bai, Tao Yuanming,
etc.
The Origin of Chinese Wine
• The origins of the alcoholic beverage from fermented
grain in China cannot be traced definitively. A legend
said that Yidi(仪狄), the wife of the first dynasty‘s king
Yu(禹) invented the method. Another legend says that
liquor was invented by Du Kang (杜康). At that time
millet( was the main grain, the so-called "yellow liquor
(huáng jiǔ黄酒)", then rice became more popular. It
was not until the 19th century that distilled drinks
become more popular. Traditionally, Chinese distilled
liquors are consumed together with food rather than
drunk on their own.
Legends of Origin of Brewing Alcoholic Beverages
the forefather of
wine production in China
Yidi （仪狄）
A Legend of Du Kang
• It is said that Du Kang was also called Shaokang
（少康） and lived in the Xia Dynasty about 3900
years ago. He lived on graze （放牧）when he was
young, and often forgot to have meals which he
brought and hung on the tree. Later, he found that
the taste of meal he left on the tree had changed,
and the juices were especially luscious（甘美的）.
This interested him and made him think and study
again and again. Finally, he learned the principle of
natural fermentation and tried to improve his
method. At last, a complete method of wine
production was invented. Although this is only a
legend, Du Kang was still regarded by later people
as the forefather of wine production in China.
Furthermore, wines are named “Du Kang Wine” by
some people.
•
Classification of Chinese Wine
• Grain-based Huangjiu and Choujiu
(Fermented beverages)
• Grain-based Baijiu (Distilled beverages)
• Medicated Liquor
• Fruit- based wines
• Beer
medicated wine
white wine
yellow wine
Beer
fruit wine
Huangjiu（"yellow liquor" ）
• Huang Jiu predates all the other liquors, with a history
of several thousand years.
• Huangjiu is also known as “laojiu“(老酒), which is
brewed from grain with wheat Qu（曲） or Xiao Qu
（小曲） used as fermenting agents. It is one of
three dominated brewed wines (beer and grape
wine) in the world.
• These wine are traditionally pasteurized（巴氏
消毒）, aged（熟化）, and filtered（过滤）
before their final bottling for sale to consumers.
• The alcohol content is mild, at around 15%.
Huangjiu can also be distilled(蒸馏） to
produce baijiu（white liquors） and it is used
as the base of “yaojiu” (medicated liquors ). It
is also an excellent condiment（佐料，调味品）
for cooking. Among these liquors the Shaoxing
Rice Wine is the most famous.
Traditional Wine Brewing
It has a history of several thousand
years and the traditional fermenting
technique developed gradually into a
mature level. Even in present day, the
natural fermenting technique has not
disappeared completely and
something about such technique still
remains a mystery.
Baijiu (White liquors )
• White liquors are also commonly called
shaojiu (烧酒; lit. "hot liquor" or "burned
liquor"), either because of the burning
sensation in the mouth during
consumption, the fact that they are usually
warmed before being consumed, or
because of the heating required for
distillation.
Baijiu（“white liquor" ）
•
Baijiu, which includes spirits, is made from sorghum高
粱, corn, barley or wheat, most of which are easy to
ferment. Colorless and transparent(透明的), Liquors of
this type typically contain more than 30% alcohol in
volume since they have undergone distillation. Some
white liquors contain over 50% alcohol. The alcohol
strength varies between 55 and 65 percent. A small
quantity can make one tipsy（醉人的） in a moment. Of
the most famous of baijiu are Guizhou Maotai,
Wuliangye, Shanxi Fenjiu and Luzhou Daqu.
Type of Fragrance
• While yellow liquors have a wide variety of
classification methods, white liquors are grouped
primarily by their type of fragrance.
• There are three main groups of white liquors
according to their characteristics due to the
different fermentation methods. They are
qingxiang(清香light fragrance),
jiangxiang(酱香sauce fragrance) and
nongxiang (浓香strong fragrance).
Liquor with light fragrance
• Those that may ferment in clay vats缸
obtain a light and transient aroma芳香 and
are called liquor with qingxiang, a light
fragrance. A famous example of this is
Fenjiu from Shanxi .
•
Liquor with sauce fragrance
• liquor with jiangxiang is made with yeasts that
have been prepared under high temperatures,
which also requires a larger amount of yeast
than normally, ferments at a higher temperature.
This yeast becomes very dark and gives the
distillate a very special character that is
comparable to the taste of sauce, and is
consequently called, a sauce fragrance. A typical
example of liquor with this taste is Maotai from
Guizhou .
Liquor with strong fragrance
• Liquors that are fermented in earth cellars（地窖）
are affected by bacteria in the ground. This
creates very special esters, acids and oils which
are highly aromatic. Such liquor is called
nongxiang, a strong fragrance. The three best
ones are considered to be Mianzhu Daqu,
Wuliangye from Yibin and Luzhou Laojiao Daqu.
The production process is absolutely unique.
They have the characteristics including full-flavor
after taste, freshness and light sweetness. Every
one will never forget the good taste even he only
tastes a sip of it.
Medicated Liquor
•
Medicated liquor refers to a transparent
medicated liquid obtained by using wine as a
solvent to soak out the effective components
of herbs.
• Most medicated liquors are taken orally,
while some are for external use. To improve
the taste, crystal sugar or honey can be
added to the medicated wine.
• Because liquor itself has the effect for
stimulating blood circulation and
relaxing muscles and joints, it can be
used to treat general asthenia (loss of
strength), rheumatic(风湿性的) pain, and
traumatic(外伤的 ) injury. In addition,
alcohol is a kind of good menstruum
(solvent), which may distill (extract) a
higher proportion of ingredients from
medical material.
• Chinese people like to use precious
medical material to make medical liquor,
which can reinforce body fluid and nourish
the blood.
However, though medical liquor is good for
the human body, it cannot be drunk
superfluously. A frequency of 2 or 3 times
a day with each dosage measuring 10 ml
to 50 ml is proper for people.
Fruit Wine
Classification:
• A: Classified by grape:
Wild Grape Wine
Planted Grape Wine
• B: Classified by color:
White Wine
Red Wine
Rose Wine
• C: Classified by content of sugar:
Dry Wine
Semi-dry Wine
• D: Classified by carbonation :
Pure Wine
Sparkling Wine（汽酒）
• E: Herbal Added Wine Classification
• F: Brandy
Fruit Wine
• A: Classified by grape:
Wild Grape Wine : wine made from natural wild
grape.
Planted Grape Wine: wine made from different
varieties of planted grapes
Fruit Wine
• B: Classified by color
White Wine: wine made from white grapes or light-red-skin
grapes. Grape juice is separated from skin and only juice
goes for fermentation to make wine. The color of this
variety of wine starts from pale with green tinge, pale straw,
straw to dark straw.
Red Wine: wine made from redskin grapes. Grape juice and
skin go for fermentation together first and then separated
for winemaking. The color of this variety of wine starts from
rose, ruby, rich ruby to plum and dark plum.
Rose Wine: wine made from redskin white pulp grapes.
Grape juice and skin go for fermentation together for a
short period of time. When the juice gets the desired color,
juice is separated from the skin and other residues for
further fermentation and then made into rose wine.
Fruit Wine
• C: Classified by content of sugar:
Dry Wine: only little sugar is left after
fermentation. The content of sugar is less than 4
grams per liter. The taste of wine is sour instead of
sweet.
Semi-dry Wine: the content of sugar is
between 4 and 12 grams and the taste of the wine
is a little sweet.
1. Semi-sweet Wine: the content of sugar is
between 12-50 grams and the taste of the wine is
sweet and smooth.
2. Sweet Wine: the content of sugar is above
50 grams per liter and the taste of the wine is pure
sweet.
Fruit Wine
• D: Classified by carbonation
1. Pure Wine: wine which is free from
carbon dioxides.
2. Sparkling Wine: wine which has
carbon dioxides in it. Carbonated wine and
champagne belong to this type.
Fruit Wine
• E: Herbal Added Wine: wine
that are added herbals
which are good for stomach
and spleen. For example,
Changyu vermouth(苦艾酒)
belongs to this type.
Vermouth is made from an
old variety of grapes and it
is good for appetite.
Fruit Wine
• F: Brandy: made from wine. They are
distilled wine. The famous brandy is made
in Cognac（柯涅克） in France. It was not
until early 20 century that Changyu began
for the first time in China to make and sell
brandy both in China and abroad.
Chinese Beer
• Generically, beer is any alcoholic beverage
produced through the fermentation of
starchy materials and which is not distilled
after fermentation.
• 啤酒以大麦芽、酒花、水为主要原料，经酵
母发酵作用酿制而成的，不经蒸馏，饱含二
氧化碳的低酒精度酒。
Primitive Beer in Ancient China ---"Li"
• In ancient China, people consumed a kind
of alcoholic drink called “Li“(醴 ) which was
made from malted(麦芽 )cereals. Li has
been considered as a type of primitive
beer in remote ancient times. After Han
Dynasty or so, Li was substituted by rice
wine made by Qu ( it is called “曲” in
Chinese). Then, Li, due to its low alcohol
content, was obsolete from the banquet
and even nobody knew exactly how Li was
brewed.
• Li was first recorded in “Jia Gu Wen”
( inscription on bones or tortoise shells) in
Shang Dynasty ( from 16th century B.C. to
11th century B.C.). Although there were no
complete descriptions about brewing
process of Li, some characters and
phrases carved on the bones or tortoise
shells have been identified to be related to
brewing process, such as “NIE”, meaning
malted（麦芽） cereals or malting, “JIAN”,
meaning “filtration（过滤, ）. There were
newly brewed Li and aged Li used on
different occasions.
• In Zhou Dynasty, alcoholic beverages was
classified into two types: rice wine and "Li".
In Han Dynasty, Li was no longer the
major alcoholic drink consumed because
the rice wine brewing techniques was
spreaded out everywhere. A kind of drink
characterized by low alcohol and made
with Qu in a short time was also called "Li",
probably because of misunderstanding
meaning of the original "Li"；
• During the period of Northern and Southern
Dynasty (420- 581 A.D.), Li made from malted
cereals had been thoroughly absolete. Among
more than 40 varieties of alcoholic drinks
mentioned in << Qi Ming Yao Shu>>, there was
no "Li", although the techniques for making
wheat malt were described in detail. Now that
rice wine made by Qu had the advantages of
high proof of alcohol (usually 15% by volume),
there was nothing strange that Li made from
malted cereals had been substituted by rice
wine.
• It is concluded that Li and beer should
belong to the same type of beverage with
much lower alcohol content than rice wine
in remote ancient times. With the changes
of times, the primitive beer, Li made from
malted cereals disappeared in China.
Famous Chinese Wine
At the First National Wine Appraisal Conference
held in 1952, eight brands of famous Chinese
wine were awarded a prize. They were
• Guizhou Maotai茅台
• Shanxi Fenjiu汾酒
• Shaanxi Xifeng西凤
• Luzhou Laojiao泸州老窖
• Shaoxing Jiafan绍兴加饭酒
• Red Rose Grape Wine红玫瑰葡萄酒
• Weimeisi味美思酒
• Special Fine Brandy. 烟台金奖白兰地
Famous Chinese Wine
At the Second National Wine Appraisal Conference held in 1963,
eighteen brands of famous Chinese wine were warded a prize.
Anhui Gujinggong,
Guizhou Maotai,
Shanxi Fenjiu,
Quanxing Twice Fully-Fermented
Liquor全兴大曲酒 (四川成都)
Shaanxi Xifeng,
Chinese Red Grape Wine
Luzhou LaojiaoTwice FullyFermented Liquor
泸州老窖大曲酒
Shaoxing Jiafan绍兴加饭酒
Red Rose Grape Wine,
夜光杯中国红葡萄酒(北京)、
Zhuyeqing竹叶青酒(山西汾阳杏花村)、
Qingdao White Grape Wine,
Dongjiu董酒(贵州遵义)、
Yantai Weimeisi,
Special-Made Bejing Brandy
北京特制白兰地
Yantai Special Fine Brandy,
Chengang Liquor沉缸酒(福建龙岩)
Sichuan Wuliangye
Qingdao Beer
Famous Chinese Wine
• In 1979, the Third National Wine Appraisal Conference was
held and eighteen brands of famous Chinese wine were
awarded a prize.
Guizhou Maotai,
Yantai Special Fine Brandy,
Shanxi Fenjiu,
Dongjiu,
Sichuan Wuliangye,
Special-Made Bejing Brandy,
Anhui Gujinggong,
Luzhou Laojiao Twice FullyFermented Liquor,
Yanghe Twice FullyFermented Liquor,
Shaoxing Jiafan,
Jiannanchun,
Zhuyeqing,
Chinese Red Grape Wine,
Qingdao Beer,
Yantai Weimeisi,
Yantai Red Grape Wine
Qingdao White Grape Wine,
Chengangjiu.
Some famous Chinese liquors
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Maotai Liquor（茅台酒）
Fen Liquor（汾酒）
Five Grain Liquor（五粮液）
Luzhou Liquor（泸州老窖特曲）
Jiannanchun Liquor（剑南春）
Xifeng Liquor（西凤酒）
Gujinggong Liquor （古井贡酒）
Dong Liquor（董酒）
Shaoxing Wine
Dukang Wine
• Bamboo-Leaf Green Liquor
Maotai Liquor
Maotai town,
Renhuai county,
Guizhou
Maotai Liquor
• Maotai Liquor is produced in Maotai town,
Renhuai county in Guizhou Province.
Together with Scotch Whisky and French
Cognac Brandy, it is renowned as one of the
Three Famous Wines in the world.
• 茅台英国苏格兰威士忌和法国柯涅克白兰地并
称为“世界三大名酒”
• Due to the fragrance, purity, sweetness and
refreshment, Maotai Liquor is regarded as the
national liquor in China.
• Dating back to the Han Dynasty more than 2,000
years ago, Maotai Liquor has a long history of
brewage. As early as in the 18th century of the
Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Maotai became the first
excellent wine brand in large-scale production, with
an annual output of 170 tons, which was very rare
in China's wine brewage history. Before the
liberation, there were three main wine factories in
Guizhou, whose products were respectively called
Hua Mao, Wang Mao and Lai Mao, among which
Hua Mao is the predecessor of today's Maotai
Liquor. In 1915, Maotai Liquor was brought to
Panama World Exposition and awarded the gold
medal of the exposition.
• Maotai Liquor belongs to sauce fragrance style,
（ 酱香型） tasting pure, sweet and refreshing.
Maotai Liquor is made of wheat and sorghum.
The brewage of the liquor will go though 8 times
of ferment and 9 times of distillation, the whole
process lasts one year. After the process, the
liquor will be stored for years. The specific
techniques of brewage make the strong liquor
suitable for drinking and beneficial to the health.
You won't feel dizzy even if you drink too much.
• 茅台酒素以色清透明、醇香馥郁、入口柔
绵、清冽甘爽、回香持久等特点而名闻天
下，被称为中国的“国酒”。它以优质高
粱为料，上等小麦制曲，每年重阳之际投
料，利用茅台镇特有的气候，优良的水质
和适宜的土壤，采用与众不同的高温制曲、
堆积、蒸酒，轻水分入池等工艺，再经过
两次投料、九次蒸馏、八次发酵、七次取
酒、长期陈酿而成。酒精度多在52～54度
之间，是中国酱香型白酒的典范。
Fen Liquor
Fenyang, Shanxi
Fen Liquor
• The Fen Liquor is produced in Xinghua Village,
Fenyang in Shanxi Province. Enjoying a history
of more than 1,500 years, it is the father of
Chinese famous liquors. It uses the Yibazhua
sorghum produced in Jinzhong Plain in Fenyang
and the mellow Gujingjia Spring as ingredients.
Through the process of brewing technology, the
Fen Liquor is clear, crystal, mildly aromatic and
affords a lingering after-taste. Due to its best
quality, it is always praised as the excellent
liquor and fluid precious stone.
• 山西汾酒是我国清香型白酒的典型代表，工艺精
湛，源远流长，素以入口绵、落口甜、饮后余香、
回味悠长特色而著称，在国内外消费者中享有较
高的知名度、美誉度和忠诚度。历史上，汾酒曾
经过了三次辉煌：汾酒有着4000年左右的悠久历
史，1500年前的南北朝时期，汾酒作为宫廷御酒
受到北齐武成帝的极力推崇，被载入廿四史，使
汾酒一举成名；晚唐著名诗人杜牧一首《清明》
诗吟出千古绝唱：“借问酒家何处有？牧童遥指
杏花村。”这是汾酒的二次成名；1915年，汾酒
在巴拿马万国博览会上荣获甲等金质大奖章，为
国争光，成为中国酿酒行业的佼佼者。
Five Grain Liquor
Yibin, Sichuan
Five Grain Liquor
• The Five Grain Liquor, produced in Yibin,
Sichuan Province, gets the name from its five
ingredients, including sorghum, rice, glutinous
rice, corn and wheat. The water is taken from
the center of Minjiang River. The wrapped
starter (Baobaoqu), produced by pure wheat, is
used as the raising agent. When the bottle
opens, a strong fragrance scents the air.
• 五粮液 是中国最著名的白酒之一．是中国驰名商标，享
有“名酒之乡”美称的四川省宜宾市，是宜宾五粮酒的故
乡。
1928年，“利川永”烤酒作坊老板邓子均，又
采用红高粱、大米、糯米、麦子、玉米五种粮食为原料，
酿造出了香味纯浓的“杂粮酒”，送给当地团练局文书杨
惠泉品尝，他认为此酒色、香、味均佳，又是用五种粮食
酿造而成，使人闻名领味。从此，这种杂粮酒便以五粮液
享于世人，流芳至今。蜚声中外、誉满神州的四川宜宾五
粮液酒厂所产的交杯牌、五粮液牌五粮液（由“荔枝
绿”——宜宾元曲而来），在中国浓香型酒中独树一帜，
为四川省的六朵金花（泸州特曲、郎酒、剑南春、全兴大
曲、五粮液、沱牌曲酒）之一。它以“香气悠久，滋味醇
厚，进口甘美，入喉净爽，各味谐调，恰到好处”的风格。
宜宾五粮液，喷香浓郁，醇厚甘美，回味悠长，以优质糯
米、大米、高粱、小麦、玉米五粮为原料酿制而得名。它
是宜宾酒厂用“五粮配方，小麦制曲，人工培窖，双轮低
温发酵，量质摘酒，按质拼坛，分级储存，精心勾兑”的
独特技术和悠久的传统工艺精酿而成，不仅在国内驰名遐
迩，而且远销国外。
Luzhou Liquor
Luzhou, Sichuan
Luzhou Liquor
• is produced in Luzhou, Sichuan Province. In the
early Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Wenyongsheng
and Tianchensheng were the two liquor factories
that produced Luzhou Liquor. The oldest cellar of
Wenyongsheng has a history of more than 370
years.
• Luzhou Liquor features strong aroma, sweet, raw
and has a long, persistent finish. It has become
the model of strong aromatic Chinese spirits.
泸州老窖特曲是我国享有盛誉的名酒之一，素以“醇
香浓郁，清洌甘爽，回味悠长，饮后尤香”的独特风格，
闻名古今，畅销中外。此酒无色透明，窖香浓郁，清洌甘
爽，饮后尤香，回味悠长。具有浓香、醇和、味甜、回味
长的四大特色，酒度有38度、52度、60度三种。华罗庚
题诗：“何以解忧，唯有杜康；而今无忧，特曲是尝；产
自泸州，甘洌芬芳。”
泸州老窖特曲酒，所以具有
独特的风格，关键在于发酵的窖龄长，是真正的老窖。老
窖的特点是在建窖时有特殊的结构要求，经过长期使用，
泥池出现红绿彩色，泥性成软体，并产生奇异的香气，此
时，发酵醅与酒窖泥接触，蒸馏出的酒也就有了浓郁的香
气，这样的窖就可称为老窖了。随着窖龄的增长，酿出的
酒其品质也不断提高。百年老窖酿成的酒才被认为是合乎
理想的佳品美酒。据史载，泸州曲酒厂最老的窖至今已有
３００多年的窖龄，风貌依旧，令人神往，游人莫不以一
睹为幸。
Jiannanchun Liquor
The ruin of liquor cellar,
Mianzhu, Sichuan
Jiannanchun Liquor
• Jiannanchun Liquor is produced in the Mianzhu
county, Sichuan Province. It is one of the
famous liquors in China that enjoys a long
history. In Tang Dynasty (618-907), "chun (春)"
was used to name the wine, hence the name.
According to the legend, the great poet Li Bai in
Tang Dynasty once used the golden crown in
exchange for Jiannanchun, which reflected the
excellent quality of the liquor.
• Jiannanchun Liquor is made from sorghum, rice,
glutinous rice, corn and wheat. It is finely brewed
in traditional technique and can be divided into
62 degrees and 52 degrees. Every drop is
fragrant, mellow, sweet and cool with a long
finish.
• 绵竹剑南春酒，产于四川省绵竹市，因绵
竹在清代属剑南道，故称“剑南春”。四
川的绵竹市素有“酒乡”之称，绵竹市因
产竹产酒而得名。早在唐代就产闻名遐迩
的名酒——“剑南烧春”，相传李白为喝此
美酒曾在这里况把皮袄卖掉买酒痛饮，留
下“士解金貂”、“解貂赎酒”的佳话。
北宋苏轼称赞这种蜜酒“三日开瓮香满
域”，“甘露微浊醍醐清”，其酒之引人
可见一斑。
Xifeng Liquor
Clay sculpture,
Fengxiang, Shaanxi
Xifeng Liquor
• Being one of the oldest liquors in China and in
the world, Xifeng Liquor is produced in Liulin
town, Fengxiang county, Shaanxi Province. In
the late Shang Dynasty (C.1600–1046BC), in
order to celebrate the victory of Muye Battle, the
King of Zhouwu used Qin Liquor (today's Xifeng
Liquor) to reward his soldiers.
Xifeng Liquor represents the Feng-style liquor.
Feng-style liquor blends the five flavors: sour,
sweet, bitter, spicy and fragrant. The liquor
degrees are divided into 39 degrees, 55 degrees
and 65 degrees.
• 西凤酒以当地特产高粱为原料，用大麦、豌豆制曲。工艺
采用续渣发酵法，发酵窖分为明窖与暗窖两种。工艺流程
分为立窖、破窖、顶窖、圆窖、插窖和挑窖等工序，自有
一套操作方法。蒸馏得酒后，再经3年以上的贮存，然后
进行精心勾兑方出厂。 西凤酒中的金西凤
西凤酒无色清亮透明，醇香芬芳，清而不淡，浓而不艳，
集清香、浓香之优点融于一体，幽雅、诸味谐调，回味舒
畅，风格独特。被誉为“酸、甜、苦、辣、香五味俱全而
各不出头”。即酸而不涩，苦而不黏，香不刺鼻，辣不呛
喉，饮后回甘、味久而弥芳之妙。属凤香型大曲酒，被人
们赞为它是“凤型”白酒的典型代表。西凤酒为适应各地
不同消费者的需要推出33度、38度、39度、42度、45度、
46度、48度、50度、52度、55度、65度等多种度数。
适时饮用，有活血驱寒，提神祛劳之益
Gujinggong Liquor
Bozhou, Anhui
Gujinggong Liquor
• Gujinggong Liquor is produced in Bozhou,
Anhui Province. "Gujing" means ancient
well. There is an ancient well having a
history of 1,400 years in the liquor factory.
The local water tastes bitter but the spring
from this well is quite sweet. The liquor
made from the spring of the well has a
wonderful flavor. During Wanli's rule in
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), it became a
tribute.
• 古井贡酒拥有悠久的历史，古井贡酒标准
还是国家标准。古井酒以其独特的风味，
赢得了海内外的一致赞誉。不仅4次蝉联全
国白酒评比金奖，而且1988年在第13届巴
黎国际食品博览会上荣登榜首。古井集团
以古井贡酒为基点，现已发展成为拥有20
多个子公司，集科工、贸、金融、房地产、
酒店业为一体，跨行业、跨地区、多功能、
多层次的国家大型一档企业。
Dong Liquor
Zunyi, Guizhou
Dong Liquor
• Dong Liquor is produced in Dong Liquor Factory
in Zunyi, Guizhou Province. It gets the name
from the Donggong Temple near the factory.
Dong Liquor is the most special Chinese liquor
in brewing method. It is made from the best
glutinous Indian millet(黍,) and the underground
springs from Shuikou Temple. It blends the
styles of Daqu Liquor and Xiaoqu Liquor.
• 董酒以“酒液晶莹透明，香气幽雅舒适，入口酿
和浓郁，饮后甘爽味长”为其特点，并有祛寒活
络，促进血液循环，消除疲劳，宽胸顺气等功能。
它曾四次荣获全国名酒称号（在全国第二、第三
届评酒会上，都被评为全国十八大名酒之一），
1984年，又获轻工部金杯奖，已经远销港澳、东
南亚、日本和欧美等地，深受国内外消费者的欢
迎。
董酒无色，清澈透明，香气幽雅舒适，既有
大曲酒的浓郁芳香，又有小曲酒的柔绵、醇和、
回甜，还有淡雅舒适的药香和爽口的微酸，入口
醇和浓郁，饮后甘爽味长。由于酒质芳香奇特，
被人们誉为其它香型白酒中独树一枝的“药香型”
或“董香型”典型代表。
Some Other Famous Chinese Wines
• Shaoxing Wine
• Dukang Wine
• Bamboo-Leaf Green Liquor
Shaoxing Wine
• Shaoxing Wine, also called Huang Jiu
(yellow wine), produced in the town of
Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, It has been
known for its flavor and golden colour.
Dukang Wine
Dukang Wine bears the same name of its
production site - Dukang village in Henan
Province, which has the charms of
historical relics and the pureness of nature.
The wine has been popular among the
Chinese people for more than 2,500
years. It may not only arouse your deepseated nostalgia乡愁 for the ancient past,
but also give you a natural enjoyment by
relieving your anxiety. Dukang Wine is as
good to health as it is to prolonging life.
Bamboo-Leaf Green Liquor
Bamboo-leaf green liquor is another of
the eight famous Chinese wines. It is
made by immersing bamboo leaves and
dozens of medicinal herbs, such as
Chinese angelica and cap jasmine in Fen
Liquor. The wine is pale green, translucent
and fragrant. It has a reputation for
improving health and treating such
diseases as heart trouble, high blood
pressure and arthritis.
Occasions & Customs of Wine Drinking in China
• Wedding wine
• longevity wine
• Welcome wine
• Farewell Wine
“Opening wine” and “dividend wine”
• Realgar Wine(雄黄酒）On May 5th
• Chrysanthemum Wine on September 9th
• Wine drinking during Spring Festival, the
Lantern Festival, the Mid- Autumn Festival
and other happy occasions
• …
longevity wine
•
China is a typical country that emphasize
the virtue of respecting older people. .And there
are various ways to reach it, among which is to
present “longevity wine”.
When an old person’s birthday comes,
younger generation usually take different kinds
of gifts to celebrate them. Taking wine and eat a
meal with them is very popular and welcomed by
older generation. Here wine acts as a medium to
transfer love and wishes.
Occasions for Drinking Wine
• to celebrate different festivals, wedding
ceremonies and birthday;
• to memorize the departed;
• to welcome and send off relatives and
friends;
• to congratulate the good news ;
• to get rid of anxiety;
• to cure diseases and prolong life
•
“Opening wine” and “dividend
wine”
In China, if you are the boss of a new
store or company, before you open you
business, you should hold a great banquet
to celebrate. You could call your relatives
and friends together ,then your business
will be good later.
Not only starting a business needs
wine, at the end of the year, when the
boss is ready to give the workers
dividend(红利) to thank them for their hard
working, a wine works ,too.
Drinking Etiquette
• When entertaining guests with wine, drip
the wine to the wine cup to its full length.
• It is hospitable to urge guests to drink
more .
• The person who proposes a toast to
others, especially to the old and VIPs
should finish the drinking first.
Drinking Etiquette
• At a feast, the host or guest should
present a short speech to express his
good will when inviting others to drink;
sometimes, one of guests could stand up
to invite the rest at the feast to have a
drink one by one. When inviting others to
drink, the inviter and invitee should both
stand from their seats. Invitation of others
to drink is usually limited to three cups.
Jiuling Called in Chinese 酒令
(The drinking game; the drinkers’ wager game )
• At the very beginning, alcohol was mainly a
beverage in the ceremonial rites. The drinking
games, Jiuling called in Chinese, were just aids
for drinking. Certainly there were other aids for
drinking, such as archery, chess playing and
arrow pitching. Aimed to restrict overdrinking to
keep drinkers be gentlemen and preserve
courtesy of the time, there were even special
designated officials to manage these aids for
drinking. Later, drinking games which added
entertainment to rites, gradually became artifice
to persuade, wager and force overdrinking.
Jiuling is a unique part of Chinese culture.
• Now Jiuling has many forms, depending
on the drinker's social status, literacy
status and interests, which can be
classified into three categories - general
game, contest game and literal game.
General game includes those games
every body can play, such as joke telling,
riddling and Chuanhua (passing flowers
one by one). This category usually
appears on banquet for ladies.
• Animal betting is a very interesting game every
Chinese can play. In the game, one uses his
Chopstick to tap the other player's chopstick and
at the same time speaks out one of four terms.
The other does the same. There are four terms:
stick, tiger, cock and insect. The regulations are
simple: Stick beats tiger; tiger eats cock; cock
pecks insect; insect bores stick. Literal game is
mainly popular in bookworms since they receive
good education and have refined knowledge and
know the essence of Chinese traditional culture.
Intellectuals sometimes play the other two
category drinking games too, however they
consider those games vulgar. Beaux-esprit and
cultured ladies prefer the elegant game, literal
game.
• Usually literal game is unique and artful literal
contest, which requires superior wisdom, broad
knowledge sphere and fast response. In order to
animate atmosphere, players will do their best to
produce original, novel, unpredicted and
extremely fine literal pieces, with quotations from
scriptures, history, poems, proverbs, and fairy
tales embedded. Many Jiulings of this category,
very artistic, are pleasingly worthy of literary
appreciation. Bai Juyi, one of Chinese greatest
poets, even thought elegant Jiuling was much
more interesting than music accompaniment.
• Contest game consists of archery, arrow pitching,
chess playing, dicing, finger guessing and
animal betting. Among these, the latter two are
common ；In finger guessing, two players
stretch out their right hands, with several fingers
sticking out while the others closing to their palm
and at the same time, each of them, usually
roars a number from nil to ten. If fingers sticking
out adds up and the sum equals to a player's
number, then he wins and the loser will have to
drink. There are many differences in different
regions.
酒令
•
饮酒行令，是中国人在饮酒时助兴的
一种特有方式。 酒令分雅令和通令。雅
令的行令方法是：先推一人为令官，或出
诗句，或出对子，其他人按首令之意续令，
所续必在内容与形式上相符，不然则被罚
饮酒。行雅令时，必须引经据典，分韵联
吟，当席构思，即席应对，这就要求行酒
令者既有文采和才华，又要敏捷和机智，
所以它是酒令中最能展示饮者才思的项目。
•
行酒令的方式可谓是五花八门。文人雅士与
平民百姓行酒令的方式自然大不相同。文人雅士
常用对诗或对对联、猜字或猜谜等，一般百姓则
用一些既简单，又不需作任何准备的行令方式。
•
最常见，也最简单的是“同数”，现在一般
叫“猜拳”，即用手指中的若干个手指的手姿代
表某个数，两人出手后，相加后必等于某数，出
手的同时，每人报一个数字，如果甲所说的数正
好与加数之和相同，则算赢家，输者就得喝酒。
如果两人说的数相同，则不计胜负，重新再来一
次。
• 击鼓传花:这是一种既热闹，又紧张的罚酒方式。
在酒宴上宾客依次坐定位置。由一人击鼓，击鼓
的地方与传花的地方是分开的，以示公正。开始
击鼓时，花束就开始依次传递，鼓声一落，如果
花束在某人手中，则该人就得罚酒。因此花束的
传递很快，每个人都唯恐花束留在自己的手中。
击鼓的人也得有些技巧，有时紧，有时慢，造成
一种捉摸不定的气氛，更加剧了场上的紧张程度，
一旦鼓声停止，大家都会不约而同地将目光投向
接花者，此时大家一哄而笑，紧张的气氛一消而
散。接花者只好饮酒。如果花束正好在两人手中，
则两人可通过猜拳或其它方式决定负者。击鼓传
花是一种老少皆宜的方式，但多用于女客。
Liangzhou word
?
古醉
来卧
征沙
战场
几君
人莫
回笑
，
欲葡 王
饮萄 翰
琵美 凉
琶酒 州
马夜
上光 词
催杯
。，
·
From cups of jade that
glow with wine of grapes at night,
Drinking to pipa songs,
we are summoned to fight.
Don't laugh if we lie drunk
upon the battleground!
How many warriors ever came back
safe and sound?
《自遣》
•
唐·罗隐
• 得即高歌失即休，多愁多恨亦悠悠。
• 今朝有酒今朝醉，明日愁来明日愁。
《春日西湖寄谢法曹韵》
宋·欧阳修
• 酒逢知己千杯少，话不投机半句多。
遥知湖上一樽酒，能忆天涯万里人。
《客中作》
•
唐·李白
• 兰陵美酒郁金香，玉碗盛来瑚珀光。
但使主人能醉客，不知何处是他乡。
《送元二使安西》
•
唐·王维
渭城朝雨浥轻尘，客舍清清柳色新。
劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人。
《中秋》
•
宋·戴复古
• 把酒冰壶接胜游，今年喜不负中秋。
故人心是中秋月，肯为狂夫照白头。
• 《梦中作》
宋·欧阳修
夜凉吹笛千山月，路暗迷人百种花。
棋罢不知人换世，酒阑无奈客思家。
《正月末雪中有作》
•
宋· 吕本中
• 柳着河冰雪着船, 小桃应误取春怜。
床头有酒须君醉, 又废蒲团一夜禅。
•
宣州谢眺楼饯别校书叔云（弃我去者）
李白
弃我去者，昨日之日不可留；
乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧。
长风万里送秋雁，对此可以酣高楼。
蓬莱文章建安骨，中间小谢又清发。
俱怀逸兴壮思飞，欲上青天览明月。
抽刀断水水更流，举杯销愁愁更愁。
人生在世不称意，明朝散发弄扁舟。
《短歌行》
曹操
• 对酒当歌，人生几何？譬如朝露，去日苦多。
概当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧？唯有杜康。
青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沈吟至今。
呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。
明明如月，何时可掇？忧从中来，不可断绝。
越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈咽，心念旧恩。
月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依。
山不厌高，海不厌深，周公吐哺，天下归心。
The Stories about Wine
There are many stories about wine
in Chinese history.
Tao Yuanming, a poet in the Jin
dynasty, could not live without
wine for a day.
The great poet Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty,
could “write 100 poems after drinking
wine”, the more wine he drunk, the better
the poem would be.
Wu Song, a brave man from Liangshan in
the Song Dynasty, drank 18 bowls of wine
without a break, and then, barehanded,
fought a fierce tiger to the death.
Liangzhou word
?
古醉
来卧
征沙
战场
几君
人莫
回笑
，
欲葡 王
饮萄 翰
琵美 凉
琶酒 州
马夜
上光 词
催杯
。，
·
From cups of jade that
glow with wine of grapes at night,
Drinking to pipa songs,
we are summoned to fight.
Don't laugh if we lie drunk
upon the battleground!
How many warriors ever came back
safe and sound?
Questions for discussion:
• What do you think of the wine-drinking
customs in China? Give examples to
support your idea.