Transcript Extra Information

Bell Ringer
 Ancient Chinese Martial Arts
 Watch the following video and complete the questions.
 Video from 6 minutes to 10:30 Minutes.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk7_IPu6-xE
 Have you ever taken any martial arts classes ?
 Martial Arts have inspired hundreds of movies. Do you
have a favorite movie that involves martial arts? If so,
what is it?
Extra Information
 The Martial Arts we recognize today as Kung Fu
had their origins in the Shang and Zhou
Dynasties.
 During the following Qin (221 - 207BC) and Han
(202BC - 220AD) Dynasties, wrestling, swordplay
and spear skills became well developed and were
popular among civilians and troops.
 Following the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279), various
schools, boxing styles, movement sets and
weapon skills flourished.
China
The Mongols
Extra Information:
Setting the Stage
 While the Chinese prospered during the Song Dynasty, a great
people far to the north were also gaining strength.
 The Mongols of the Asian steppe lived their lives on the move.
 They prided themselves on their skill on horseback, their discipline,
their ruthlessness, and their courage in battle.
 They also wanted the wealth and glory that came with conquering
mighty empires.
 This desire soon exploded into violent conflict that transformed
Asia and Europe forever.
Extra Information: Nomads
 The differing ways of life of nomadic and settled peoples
resulted in constant interaction between them. Often, they
engaged in peaceful trade.
 The nomads exchanged horses, for basic items they lacked,
such as grain, metal, cloth, and tea.
 Nomads were accustomed to scarcity and hardship. They
prided themselves on their toughness. However, they were
tempted by the rich land and relative wealth of townspeople
and took what they wanted by force.
Extra Information: Nomads
 As a result, settled peoples lived in constant fear of
raids.
 Occasionally, a powerful nomadic group was able to
conquer a whole empire and become its rulers.
 Over generations, these nomadic rulers often
became part of the civilization they conquered.
The Mongols
1. Setting the Stage:
a. The Mongols were gaining strength in the north in Asia
b. They prided themselves on their skill on horseback, their
discipline, and courage
c. Mongols were nomadic pastoralists: herded
domesticated animals
d. Mongols traveled together in kinship groups called clans
Temujin
The Mongols
2. The Rise of the Mongols
a. Temujin sought to unify the Mongols under his leadership around
1200
b. Slowly Temujin defeated his enemies (and friends) one by one
c. In 1206 he accepted the title of universal ruler of Genghis Khan
d. Genghis Khan conquered much of Asia and had goal of invading
China
e. By 1225 Central Asia was under Mongol control
Mongol Empire Under Genghis Khan
The Mongols
f. Reasons for Genghis Khan’s successes:
He was a brilliant organizer
ii. Was a gifted strategist
iii. Used cruelty as a weapon
i.
Extra Information:
A Mighty Fighting Force - Strategies
 Mongol soldiers were superb horsemen, having spent all their lives in the
saddle.
 Annual game round-ups gave young men the chance to practice skills and
gave their leaders the opportunities to spot promising warriors.
 When on the move, each soldier was accompanied by three extra horses. By
changing mounts, soldiers could stay in the saddle for up to ten days and
nights at a time.
 A key to Mongol horsemanship was the stirrup, which was invented in the
second century B.C.
 Stirrups enabled a mounted warrior to stand, turn, and shoot arrows behind
him.
The Mongols
3. The Mongol Empire
a. Genghis Khan died in 1227 of illness
b.
His successors continued to conqueror territory eventually having the
largest unified land empire in history
c.
Successors divided region up into different territories called khanates.
d.
Had territory from Kiev in the West to China in the East
e.
Mongols destroyed villages, irrigation channels, and decimated
populations
Mongol Empire at its Peak
The Mongols
f. Rarely imposed their beliefs on conquered peoples
g. Even adopted some of the culture of those they ruled
h. Pax Mongolica: Mongol Peace- time of peace and
stability across the Mongol Empire from mid 1200s to
mid 1300s
i.
Trade and inventions spread rapidly during Pax
Mongolica due to safe travel
Extra Information: Khanates
 After Genghis’s death, his sons and grandsons continued the campaign of
conquest. Armies under their leadership drove south, east, and west out
of inner Asia. They completed their conquest of northern China and
invaded Korea.
 They leveled the Russian city of Kiev and reached the banks of the
Adriatic Sea. In the 1250’s, the Mongols halted their westward campaign
and turned their attention to Persia.
 By 1260, the Mongols had divided their huge empire into four regions, or
khanates.
 These were the Khanate of the Great Khan (Mongolia and China), the
Khanate of Chagatai (Central Asia), the Ilkhanate (Persia), and the
Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia). A descendant of Genghis ruled
each khanate.
Khanate Regions
Khanate Regions
Kublai Khan
The Mongols
4. Kublai Khan Becomes Emperor
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Grandson of Genghis Khan took title in 1260
Wanted to fulfill wish of grandfather: conquer all of China
Started the Yuan Dynasty which ruled from 1279-1368
China was united for first time in nearly 300 years
Kublai Khan’s control opened China up to more trade and foreign
contact
Enjoyed living in luxury as Chinese emperor
Attempted to take over Japan but Japanese might and weather
halted the invasion
Kublai Khan improved the Grand Canal and added 135 miles to it
Yuan Empire
The Mongols
5. Mongol Rule in China
a.
Mongols were hugely outnumbered in China- lived apart from one another
b.
Chinese were not allowed to hold high government office however could
serve at local levels
c.
High public office went to Mongols or foreigners- felt foreigners could be
trusted due to having no loyalties to the Mongols or Chinese
d.
Mongol Peace extended trade
e.
Traders wanted silk, porcelain, gunpowder, paper currency, and the
compass
The Mongols
f.
Invited foreign merchants
g. Venetian trader Marco Polo came to Kublai Khan’s court
around 1275
i.
Worked for Kublai Khan because he learned many Asian
languages
ii.
While imprisoned, Polo told his story which was later
published as a book but most Europeans did not believe it
Extra Information: Marco Polo
 The most famous European to visit China in these years
was a young Venetian trader, Marco Polo.
 He traveled by caravan on the Silk Roads with his father
and uncle, arriving at Kublai Khan’s court.
 Kublai Khan sent him to various Chinese cities on
government missions.
 Polo served the Great Khan for 17 years.
 In 1292, the Polos left China and made the long journey
back to Venice
The Mongols
6. The End of Mongol Rule in China
a.
Kublai Khan’s armies and navies suffered many humiliating defeats at a huge
expense of lives and equipment towards the end of his reign
b.
Heavy spending on wars, public works, and Yuan luxuries over burdened the
treasury and angered the overtaxed citizens
c.
Kublai Khan died in 1294 and his successors were inept at ruling the dynasty
d.
In 1368 Chinese rebels finally overthrew the Mongols
e.
The Ming Dynasty would be established
f.
With the fall of the Yuan came the disintegration of the Mongol empire in Asia
g.
Japan was on the rise
Timeline
Constructive Response Question
2. Trace the development of Temujin and his
empire including background information,
motivations, and military tactics used.