Transcript Notes
Return of Chinese Rule Ming China 1368-1644 Defining Characteristics • Confucianism Returns Examination System Scholar Class Mobility through merit • Powerful Military Best seafaring vessels One of the largest land empires •Cultural Expressions: Pottery and the Novel Defining Characteristics • Urban Revival Rebuilding of the Forbidden City… Beijing • Early attempts at Exploration Areas of Exploration: India, Arabia, East Africa Zhenge He 1390 Chinese govt. restricts explorations 1430 Exploration efforts ended •Interactions with Europeans Indirect Trade brought in massive amounts of silver Curious about Missionaries…later rejected them Permitted Portuguese at Macao Rise of the Manchus (Qing Dynasty) Rise of the Manchus (Qing Dynasty) • 1644-1911 • Invaders from the North • Open up trade with Europe— Limited to South Maintained Confucian attitudes—”Europeans are barbaric” • • • • Importance of Tea Boom of Port Cites… Canton (Guangzhou) Christian missionary presence— no successes Government Structure… Dyarchy Video Prompt China successfully embarked on voyages of discovery a 100 years before the Europeans did… ….Then, in the 1430s, they stopped What if China had continued to explore? How might history had been different? Think long term Rise and Rule of Tokugawa Shogunate 1603-1868 -End of 1500s- Ashikaga Shogun collapses: Clan Wars return -3 Lords emerge…fight for control 2 of the lords attempted to centralize rule--failed -The third lord fills the voidTokugawa: (daimyo of Edo) declared himself shogun by 1603 Great Peace • Emergence of Tokugawa Ieyasu…powerful daimyo of Edo (modern Tokyo) • Unites the daimyo..ending feudal warfare Tozama and Fudai Daimyo at peace • • • • New capital at Edo (Tokyo)… Emperor in Kyoto Shogun’s twin responsibilities: Samurai take on administrative duties Economic Changes Rise in Commerce and manufacturing in cities Common Currency Merchant Class Home grown cotton Great Peace • Initial period of openness with West 1. Gunpowder technologyIntroduced by Portuguese Aid in unification 2. Presence of Christian Missionaries Some Conversions Francis Xavier Most successful in Southern Islands Emerges as an “External Society” • Self Imposed Isolation 1. Religion 1612: Expelling of Christian Missionaries 1614: Christianity banned Why? Suspicious of Motives Missionaries destroy idols Newly converted involved in riots Self Imposed Isolation 2. Trade and Travel Only Dutch Merchants were permitted Little or no missionary activity Allowed at Nagasaki harbor Japanese merchants confined to cities and China Western Books were banned Restricted Travel Abroad Why Isolation? • Fear outside ideas weakens Shogun authority •Samurai Culture reinforces Group conformity •Island Geography •Shinto beliefs