Transcript File

What is The Neolithic
Revolution?
Shift from HUNTING AND GATHERING to SETTLED
COMMUNITIES
Cultivation of surplus crops = no longer need to wander
looking for food = can stay in one place
Civilizations need to be near freshwater – why?
-Irrigation and transportation
What Cause the Neolithic
Revolution?
There were too many people and they were
starving so they sought another source of
food that is fruits, vegetables, and etc.
What were the effects?
Cultivation of crops led to settled communities.
Farming in ancient Mesopotamia resulted in an
abundance of food, which enabled civilization to
emerge.
Civilizations developed unequal social structures
and a specialization of jobs
New jobs were created and market economies
based on trade developed.
6 Characteristics of Civilization
1. Rise of Cities
2. Social Structure/Social Distinctions
3. Government
4. Writing/Record Keeping
5. Religion
6. Artistic Achievements
What does this represent?
What does this represent?
Unequal Social Structures and Specialization of jobs
Before we begin!!!!!
Political: Who controls what? What type of
government is there? Anything to do with
laws or war.
Economic: What type of economy? How
do people make a living?
Geography: Where is it? Is the land
mountainous? Desert? Oceanic?
Social: Religious, intellectual, artistic
Ancient River Valley Civs
Why Settle Here?
Irrigation and Transportation by Waterways
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
SUMERIANS
Oldest known
civilization
Number system
based on 60
Old Testament
Polytheism
Ziggurat (right)
Cuneiforms
Geography
This civ rose in the
valleys between the
Tigris and
Euphrates rivers.
Some say this
Fertile Crescent
was the real Garden
of Eden.
Social
This is cuneiform.
Babylonians wrote
using this “wedgeshaped” writing on
clay tablets.
The Sumerians
invented writing.
Economic: trade and farming
Sumerians
(Mesopotamians) were
known to trade with
the Egyptians and the
Indus Valley
civilizations.
In later years, these
trade routes became
Silk Road.
Sumerians invented the wheel!
The wheel was
invented by 6000 BC!
It helped military,
farming and trade.
At right, this is made
of wood.
Political:Mesopotamian Law
Code of Hammurabi
“eye for an eye
tooth for a tooth”
ANCIENT EGYPT
Nile River
Mummies
Pharaohs
Hieroglyphics
Polytheism
Egyptian civilization
Egyptian civilization
arose a bit after
Mesopotamia.
Geography: It was
centered around the
Nile River.
The Nile River
Pyramids
These are the Giza
pyramids, the most
famous.
Pyramids were tombs
for the kings.
These were built in
3500 B.C.E.
Political:Egyptian Pharaohs
Egyptians were led by
Pharaohs.
They were priest-kings
King Tut is the most
famous
Using computers, this
image was
reconstructed using his
remains
Mummies
Egyptians who could
afford to do so would
have themselves
mummified.
They believed in a
better afterlife if their
body was preserved.
Mummies
Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphics
Egyptian economy
Although Egypt looks
really sophisticated, the
economy is a traditional
economy based on
farming and trade.
Egyptians traded up and
down the Nile, with
Mesopotamians and
sometimes with Indus
Valley (in Pakistan)
Indus Valley civilization
Indus River Valley
This civ is still
mysterious.
The writing has not
been translated.
Invented a plumbing
system
Indus River civilization
We do know the cities
were sophisticated
enough to have brick
walls surrounding
them for protection
against flooding from
the Indus River.
Indus Economy
Just like the other river
valley civs, the Indus
river valley people
were mostly farmers.
Traditional economy
They did trade with
Chinese and with
Sumerians
(Mesopotamians).
ANCIENT CHINA
Great Wall
Began 2000 B.C.
Mandate of
Heaven
Dynasties
Silk
astronomy
Yellow River Civilization
G:Ancient China was
formed around the
Yellow River.
The color yellow
symbolized
“centrality”, as in
China is the center of
the world.
Chinese accomplishments
During the Zhou and
Shang periods, the
Chinese made
remarkable
achievements in
astronomy and
bronzework, learned
to make silk and
create books, and
developed a complex
system of writing
E:Chinese invented silk
Silk was exotic and
expensive, so it was
good for trading with
the rest of the world.
It is made from silk
worms.
Silk also makes
“paper”
According to Chinese political theory, every dynasty
goes through the so-called dynastic cycle:
1.A new ruler unites China and founds a new
dynasty.
2.China, under the new dynasty, achieves prosperity
and a new golden age.
3.The royal family of the dynasty begins to decay,
corruption becomes rampant in the imperial court,
and the empire begins to enter decline and instability.
4.The dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven, their
legitimacy to rule, and is overthrown by a rebellion.
The Mandate of Heaven is then passed to the next
dynasty
Hammurabi's Code
- Hammurabi was the King and founder of the
Babylonian empire
- code contained 282 laws
- settled conflict in ALL
areas of life
Hammurabi's Code
- based on the idea of "eye for an eye"
- punishment should be equal to the crime
committed
10 Commandments
The Ten Commandments, are a set of
biblical principles relating to ethics and
worship, which play a fundamental role in
Judaism and most forms of Christianity. They
include instructions to worship only God and
to keep the Sabbath, and prohibitions against
idolatry, blasphemy, murder, theft, and
adultery.
Extra Review Notes:
The Sumerian and the Nile civilizations
were similar in that they both established
theocratic forms of government
Creating calendars was important for early
civilizations to be able to predict when
flooding would occur.
The geography of both India and China has
separated and isolated them from the rest of
the world.
Extra Review Notes:
Egyptian civilization survived for centuries
because the Nile Valley provided food and
protection.
The fertile crescent is the name for the area
of good farmland along the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers.
Because the geography of Mesopotamia
left it largely unprotected, the area was
invaded over and over again.