Transcript What is an empire?

1. Near what geographic feature
did early civilizations begin?
2. What do you think happened
after those first civilizations
either became bigger or
collapsed? Why?
Introduction to Unit 3
• What is this a
photo of?
• Why is this
movie titled the
way it is?
Explain.
• How do you
think it relates
to the
civilizations we
will be talking
about?
What is the nickname of New York State?
• The Empire State
• Why?
– In 1784, during a tour of
the State's harbors,
waterways and fertile
interior, George
Washington referred to
New York as the "Seat of
Empire." Since then, New
Yorkers have worked
ambitiously to live up to
the State's motto and to
make "The Empire State"
the national leader it is
today.
• What is an empire?
Unit 5
Empires 1
Timeline
Map
Important Empires I
Muslim
Empire
Gupta
Empire
Byzantine
Empire
Tang
Dynasty
Europe
Asia
Africa
Gupta Empire
Byzantine
Empire
Tang Dynasty
Muslim Empire
Timeline of Important Empires I
Gupta
Empire
Tang
Dynasty
Byzantine
Empire
300
400
500
600
Muslim Empire
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
Empire: A civilization that takes over other territories and
unites them under one ruler
Golden Age: Time of peace and prosperity
Gupta
Empire
Geography
played a big
role in where
the Gupta
located in India
India’s “Golden Age”:
• Came during the Gupta Empire
• Chandra Gupta started the empire
golden age:
• time in a culture’s history of peace
and prosperity
• many great cultural contributions
Gupta Contributions to our Society
 Decimal System
 Arabic Numerals {1, 2, 3, …,}
 Concept of Zero - Ø
Other Contributions of Gupta Empire
Medicine
• herbal remedies
• form of plastic surgery for the treatment of
facial injuries.
• vaccinations against smallpox, a practice later
used in China (10th century) and Europe (17th
century.)
Architecture
• Hindus built stone temples for various Hindu gods.
• Buddhists built shrines to house the remains of select
holy people – called Stupas, which became pagodas in
China
Literature
• fables and folktales written in Sanskrit
• stories spread west to Persia, Egypt, and Greece
– Through cultural diffusion became the basis for many
Islamic literary works
• Ali Baba and the
Forty Thieves
• Aladdin and his
Magic Lamp
India’s “Golden Age” is said to have been during the Gupta
Empire. This may be because the Guptas
developed the most important concepts in the field of
A. Math
B. Medicine
C. Politics
D. Philosophy
The Maurya Empire and the Gupta Empire in India both
accomplished this during their success
1. They both raised the acceptance of Buddhism by the
people
2. They both unified the country of India
3. They both raised large sums of money to buy more land
4. Neither Empires were successful
The Gupta Empire expanded the Empire through war and
latter through diplomacy and marriage. They also increased
cultural diffusion and the Indian economy through
1. Trade with other countries
2. Small battles at the borders
3. Religious tolerance
4. Closed borders
What are two geographic facts about India that had a
significant affect on its culture?
1. The Alps and the Indian Ocean
2. The Himalaya Mountains and the deserts
3. The Himalaya Mountains and the monsoons
4. The Alps and the deserts
Location: India
• Hinduism and Caste System flourished
(became stronger) under Gupta rule
Gupta Empire was one of India’s “Golden
Ages”
Contributions:
– Guptas were good at Math, they created
• concept of “Zero”
• decimal system
• numbers we use today – Arabic
Numerals (“Arabs” took them and
introduced them to the Europeans)
Gupta Empire – don’t copy
Gupta Dynasty (320 - 550 CE) - lead Golden Age
• established a strong central government
• allowed a degree of local control
• Followed Hindu beliefs
– strict caste system, or class system.
• Had time to pursue scientific and artistic endeavors
• Later declined due to weak rulers & a series of invasions
Tang Dynasty
Tang: Influence on Japan and Korea
Much of Japanese and Korean culture was
borrowed from the Chinese during the Tang Dynasty
-
Buddhism
Confucianism - “5 Relationships”
Writing System
Respect for Nature
Tang Influence continued:
Silk Road:
• Helped the dynasty extend westward
• Connected China with western cultures (Muslim and
Byzantine Empires)
Contributions to our Society
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gunpowder
Porcelain
Compass
Spinning Wheel
Mechanical Clock
Block Printing
Other Contributions and Inventions of the Tang Dynasty
(approx. 618-907 A. D.)
• Tea
• Po Chu-i (poet)
• Scroll painting
• Three Doctrines (Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism)
• Gunpowder
• Civil Service Exams
• Brandy and whiskey
• Flame-thrower
• Dance and Music
Art in Tang Dynasty
• Very Rich and Opulent (Wealthy) era in Chinese history
• flourishing
• Painting, pottery, calligraphy, sculpture, music, dance and
literature important
• art being appreciated in every day life.
• art found in the homes
• Art was no longer only appreciated by the church or Royal
Family, but was now appreciated by those from all walks of
life.
• Doctors, lawyers, scholars, craftsman, businessmen and
wealthy merchants all afforded themselves works of art.
Seated Buddha, Tang dynasty
(618–906), ca. 650
China
Buddhist stele, Tang dynasty
(618—906), ca. 700
China
Night-Shining White, Tang dynasty (618–906), 8th century
Attributed to Han Gan (Chinese, active 742–56)
China
Mathematics in Tang Dynasty
• Solved cubic equations
• Translations of Indian mathematical works.
– angle measurement (360 degrees)
– table of sines for angles from 0 to 90 degrees in 24
steps (3 3/4 degree) increments.
– Hindu decimal numerals also introduced, but not
adopted.
• Tangent table.
Which of the following events took place
during the rule of the Tang Dynasty in China:
A.
B.
China expanded to take over India
Japan borrowed much of the Chinese cultural
ways such as writing and Buddhism
C.
The Mongols took over China and created the
largest land empire ever
D.
Russia invaded China and forced them to
become Communists
TANG – don’t copy
Location: China
Contributions:
– first use of paper money
– porcelain: hard shiny pottery
Japan studied the Tang Dynasty
• copied much of the Chinese culture (language,
Buddhism, etc.)
Silk Road began
• trading routes between China and the western lands
• http://www.silk-road.com/artl/tang.shtml
• http://www.metmuseum.org/special/China/g
olden_age_more.htm
• Chinese House http://www.pem.org/yinyutang/house/base_f
orce.html - modern with some history
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine:
Ties to the Roman Empire
How it was created:
– It was the eastern half of the old Roman Empire
The Byzantine Empire, 527-565 AD [Source:
Libyan National Atlas, 1978.]
How the Byzantine Empire Compared with the Roman Empire
Capital
Religion
Language
Roman
Catholic
(Christian)
Latin
Eastern
Constan(Greek)
Byzantine
tinople
Orthodox
(Christian)
Greek
Roman
Rome
Other Information
- The western half of
the old Roman
Empire
- Fell into the “Dark
Ages”
- The eastern half of
the old Roman
Empire
- Grew strong and
lasted 1000 years
Impact on Russia
• Religion:
– Eastern Orthodox spread to Russia (known as Russian
Orthodox)
– no longer Roman Catholic
• Trade: Many Byzantine ideas were introduced into Russia
through trade.
• Cyrillic
http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/byz_6.html
alphabet
• Art work
(mosaics)
• Religion
• Architecture
Contributions to our society
Justinian’s Code:
• The laws of the Byzantine Empire based on the Twelve
Tables of Roman law, became a basis for laws in many
European nations
Hagia Sophia Orthodox Church
Art and Architecture:
slide show::
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article5002358.ece
• Usually supported the Christian
Church
Preservers of Greek and Roman culture:
• The Byzantine Empire saved the knowledge, art, and ideas
of the old Roman and Greek cultures
Byzantine Coin
http://www.learn.columbia.edu/ha/html/byzantine.html
ByzantineVirtual Architecture
After the fall of Rome, the eastern half of the
empire became known as the:
A.
Persian Empire
B.
Byzantine Empire
C.
Mongol Empire
D.
Gupta Empire
One of the great accomplishments of
the Byzantine Empire was:
A.
the take over of all of the Roman Empire
B.
the emergence of a merchant middle class
C.
the domination of trade with the Mongols
D.
the code of laws created by Emperor Justinian
Much of the traditional culture of Russia
is linked to which of the following
cultures:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Byzantine Empire
Muslim Empire
Tang Dynasty
Gupta Empire
BYZANTINE Empire Summary
Location: “Eastern” half of the old Roman Empire
Great Leader: Justinian
• created Justinian’s Code - a written set of laws
Language: Greek
Importance:
– preserved old Greek and Roman culture while barbarians
destroyed Rome
– “in between” invaders from Asia and rest of Europe
– spread learning and culture to Russia and influenced
Russian life a great deal
– http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Byzantium/
– http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/
More Detailed Information about Byzantine
Muslim
How it Spread
• Origins: Out of Mecca, east to India, west across
North Africa and on into Spain
• Growth: to spread Islam to other people
1. Military conquest – took about 100 years to expand
most of their empire
• They were great fighters, if they died in battle,
they believed they would go directly to heaven
(Jihad)
• They treated conquered people fairly – better
than previous rulers
2. Trade
Their Expansion was
Stopped:
•Battle of Tours: (732 A.D.)
In Southern France
The French Christians, under Charles Martel,
defeated the Muslims and stopped their advance into
Europe
The Muslim Empire had a
Golden Age: (700-900 A.D.) – A
time of great learning and
cultural diffusion
Which of the following is one reason why the
Muslims were able to spread their
empire so quickly:
A
they had the use of aircraft in battle
B
their God was more powerful than the God of
their enemies
C
they tolerated other religions and this made
conquest easier
D
they had more horses than other cultures of the
Middle East
Contributions to our Society by Muslim Empire
mathematics:
astronomy:
- Spread Gupta math ideas
- Created Algebra and
Trigonometry
- Learned from Greek ideas
- Study of the stars; created
astronomical tables
medicine:
Islamic Law:
- Created hospitals
- Wrote medical textbooks
- Doctors required to pass
exams to practice medicine
- Based on Islamic religious
laws in the Qur’an
- Became the basis for political
laws in the empire
architecture:
banking:
- Influenced by Byzantine and
Indian styles
- Used money
- Allowed credit (money
borrowing) to be used
Preservers of Greek and Roman culture:
- Preserved Roman and Greek ideas that they got from
their contacts with the Byzantine Empire, who also preserved
them
- They improved upon them (i.e. translated Roman
writings, etc.)
An important achievement of the Golden
Age of Muslim culture was the:
A
preservation of the ancient Greek and Roman
ideas
B
development of gunpowder
C
establishment of trade with South America
D
emergence of feudalism as a unifying force
MUSLIM Empire Summary
Location:
– Middle East
• Spread throughout the Middle East, Northern Africa, and into India as
Muslims spread the religion of Islam
– Arabs were great fighters
– Muslims (Arabs) tolerated Judaism and Christianity (they were “of the
book”) - but others had to convert
Muslims:
– Arabs who worshipped the religion of Islam (Later - anyone who
worshiped Islam)
“Golden Age”:
– a time of peace (no more expansion) and great learning
– they preserved Greek and Roman learning (they got it from contact with
the Byzantine Empire)
– created algebra
– developed advanced medical knowledge and practices
– great astronomers and scientists
•
•
What do you think were the most
influential contributions from one of the
four Empires we talked about?
What empire had the most influence on
life today? Why?
Essential Question 1
• What would be the most influential contributions
from these Empires?
-
Technology
Learning
Laws
Mechanical - Mathematics - Justinian
clock
- Science
Code
Gunpowder - Medicine
- Preservation of
Block
Greek and Roman
printing
culture by the
Compass
Muslim and
Byzantine Empires
• Did geography affect the ability of the
Muslim Empire to influence others?
– Look at your map – in the student guide
– Tell me why or why not
• Islam Movie – the Awakening
Essential Question 2
• Why did the Muslim Empire become the
most influential Empire on European
culture?
 Their geographic nearness to Europe
 (they were centrally located among
these empires and the Muslims shared
the ideas they obtained from other
cultures with Europeans)
 Great traders with Europe

The Crusades