Transcript History and Governments of East SE Asia Part 1

History and Governments of East SE Asia
Part 1: Asian Empires
1-When and where did China’s
civilization begin?
• More than
4,000 years
ago.
• In the Huang
He valley.
2-How does the Chinese writing
system differ from an alphabet?
 The Chinese writing
system used
characters to stand
for entire words.
 This system differs
from an alphabet,
which has letters that
stand for sounds.
3-Until the early 1900s, who
governed China?
• emperors
4-What is a “dynasty?”
• A line of rulers from a
single family, who
held power until it was
overthrown.
• After it was
overthrown, a new
leader would start a
new dynasty.
5-Who was Confucius and what did
he teach?
• During the Zhou
dynasty, China’s bestknown thinker was
Confucius
• He taught that people
should be virtuous, or
morally good, as well as
loyal to their families.
• His way of thinking
became known as
Confucianism.
6-What three religions have been
major influences in East Asia?
• Confucianism.
• Daoism
• Buddhism
Dynasty
Time Span
Han
206 B.C.-A.D. 221
Important inventions and events
* Paper was first made
*Government officials used paper to keep records.
*Encouraged overland trade on the Silk Road
Dynasty
Tang
Song
Time Span
A.D. 618-907
A.D. 960-1279
Important inventions and events
*Built roads and waterways that made travel and trade
within China easier.
*Mixed iron with coal carbon to produce steel.
*Developed a printing process using blocks of wood
carved with characters.
*Gunpowder, which they used in explosives and fireworks.
Dynasty
Ming
Time Span
A.D. 1368-1644
Important inventions and events
*Improved the examination system used to hire government officials.
*Carried out a census, or a count of the number of people, so they
could collect taxes more accurately.
*Expanded roads and canals so that rice and other goods could be
sent throughout the country.
*Built the Forbidden City which was a large area of palaces and
gardens that was off-limits to all except top officials.
*Staged dramas and wrote novels.
*Sent voyages of exploration to South Asia and East Africa
8-Provide details about what happened during Mongol rule of
China.
•In 1211, Mongol warriors from Central Asia invaded and conquered most of China.
•Mongol rulers kept their own languages, laws and customs, yet they relied on
Chinese officials to run the government.
•Mongol ruled unified China and eventually brought peace to the area.
•These stable conditions encouraged trade.
•One of the most famous European travelers to reach China was Marco Polo, who
came from the city of Venice in Italy.
•When Polo finally returned to Europe, he wrote a book about his adventures. It
taught many Europeans about China.
•In the late 1300s, the Chinese drove out the Mongol invaders and the Ming dynasty
arose.
9-How did China influence:
Korea
•About 1200BC, Chinese settlers brought their culture to neighboring
Korea.
•Later, Buddhism and Confucianism spread from China to Korea
Japan
•At the same time, Chinese and Korean culture spread from Korea to
Japan.
•As a result, China and Korea both influenced Japan’s civilization.
•In the AD 1400s, Japan, once ruled by clans, united under the Yamato
dynasty.
•Yamato rulers adopted China’s philosophy, writing system, art,
sciences and form of government.
10-Define “shogun”
• military leader.
– “emperor’s
generals,” they
made the laws.
11-Who were the “samurai”?
• Landowning warriors
– Warrior nobles, they
enforced the laws
made by the
shoguns.
12-What was the samurai code of
conduct?
• This code demanded
that a samurai be
loyal to his master as
well as brave and
honorable.
13-Provide 5 or more facts from the sub-chapter “Southeast Asia.”
•Early people grew rice, raised cattle and pigs and made metal goods.
•From the 100s BC to the AD 900s, the Chinese ruled much of what is now
Vietnam.
•Hindu traders from India reached western parts of SE Asia by the AD
100s.
•SE Asians blended Hindu and Chinese ways with their own traditions.
•During the AD 100s, the Khmer people founded an empire in mainland SE
Asia.
•They became wealthy from growing rice.
•They also built a large temple, the Angkor Wat, based on Indian and
local designs.
•Muslim Arab traders and missionaries settled coastal areas of SE Asia
during the AD 800s.
•Eventually many people in these places converted to Islam.
Confucius
• He taught that all individuals have duties
and responsibilities. If a person acts
correctly, the result will be peace and
harmony.
• His words were used as a guide for living.
• People considered his words when making
important decisions.
• Confucius’s ideas helped to guide Chinese
life for hundreds of years.
Teachings of Confucius
1- “Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes”
2- “Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves”
3- “When anger rises, think of the consequences.”
4- “A superior person is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his
actions.”
5- “An oppressive government is more to be feared than a tiger.”
6-“It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not
stop.”
7- “Success depends upon preparation, and without such
preparation there is sure to be failure.”