Transcript The New Imperialism

Imperialism in China
I. European trade increases
British take the lead
I.
China (Qing Dynasty) begins a period of declining
power while west increases
British open more ports for trade—silks, tea, spices,
porcelain
British in China want British justice
Opium—British grow opium in India, trade it in China
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.
2.
3.
Manchu emperor orders opium trade stopped
British and Chinese merchants ignore law
1838—Lin Ze Xu burned crates of foreign opium, wrote letter
to Queen Victoria; British respond
I. European trade increases
The First Opium War 1839-1842
II.
British sent warships and Chinese are easily
defeated
Treaty of Nanking
A.
B.
1.
British get trading rights, new ports, payments,
Hong Kong, and extraterritoriality
III. The Second Opium War 1856-1860
A. Legal to import opium to China
B. Wars left legacy of bitterness and mistrust
between East and West
II. Resistance to change
Reform Movements—Taiping Rebellion
I.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Sparked by poverty and government corruption
Wanted to end the Qing dynasty
Hong Xiuquan—believed he was related to Jesus
Attacked Chinese government; wanted to create
“Taiping”, or Great Peace
Crushed after 14 years (1850-1864)
Started a debate over change in China
“Self strengthening movement”
Empress Ci Xi
II.
A.
B.
C.
Ruled from 1862-1908
Usually resisted change and held to Confucian ideals
Later began to accept reforms
III. Mistreatment of China
Sino-Japanese War—1895
I.
A. Japan defeats China, gains Taiwan
Western nations plan to divide China
B.
1.
2.
3.
C.
Leases on ports—Russia, Germany, Britain,
France
Spheres of Influence
United States calls for Open Door Policy
100 Days of Reform
IV. The Boxer Rebellion
Boxers
I.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
aka Righteous Harmonious Fists
Called Boxers by Westerners who see them
train
Supported Empress Ci Xi and resisted change
Resisted western influence
Wanted to rid China of westerners
Attacked and murdered westerners in China
Lasted from 1899-1903
IV. The Boxer Rebellion
Punishment by the West
II.
A.
B.
C.
British, French, German and American troops
put down the rebellion
Boxers defeated, China pays for damages
Nationalism grew
III. Reforms
A. China begins to modernize with foreign money
B. Women in schools
C. Industry—shipping, mining,
V. Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)
Yixian wanted to end the dynasty, establish a
republic, and ensure economic security
Western educated
Established the Revolutionary Alliance
Three principles of the people
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.
2.
3.
E.
F.
Nationalism—freedom from West
Democracy
Livelihood
After Ci Xi dies, chaos ensues
Yixian is named President in 1911