Transcript File apreview1000to1450

600 CE to 1450 CE
Rise of Islam
Medieval Europe & Byzantines
Rise of Islam
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Empire of common culture, cosmopolitan
Qur’an
Five Pillars, Ka’ba
Mecca and Medina
Split between Shia and Sunni, caliph
Umayyad Dynasty
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Arabic becomes official govt language
People converted to avoid a tax
Attacked Constantinople, but failed
Advanced into Spain, 732 CE
– Charles Martel (Frank) stopped their advance
• Dome of the Rock is built
• Split happens between Sunni &
Shi’itecausing it’s demise
Abbasid Dynasty
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750-1258 CE
mid 800s—Golden Age
Capital moves to Baghdad
Trade
– Credit
– Innovation—steel, medical, algebra,
• Preserved Western knowledge
• Tolerant of local customs
Dar al’Islam
Women in Islam
• Traditional Arabian society
– Women didn’t have property rights
– Men kept dowry if divorced
– Female infanticide
• Qu’ran (651 CE)
– Treated with more dignity
– Return dowry if divorce
– Equal before Allah
– Infanticide was forbidden
– Mohammad’s 1st wife was a successful business-women
– Polygamy as long as treated equal
– Testimony in court given ½ the weight
– Veiled in public—Mesopotamia and Persia
• Over time became more patriarchal
Sufis
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Islamic mystics
Effective missionaries
Personal relationship with Allah
Converted large #s of people to Islam
Fall of Islamic Empire
• Internal struggles and civil wars
– Sunni and Shi’ite sects
– succession
• External problems
– Persians, Europeans, Byzantines
• Mongols 1258 CE
– Fled to Egypt
• Ottoman Turks reunite Egypt, Syria and Arabia
and lasts till 1918
Byzantine Empire
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Constantinople
Highly centralized government
Orthodox—split with Rome
Justinian—Code & Hagia Sophia
Impacts Russia
Note of Change: As the Empire
Turns
• Separate from Rome geographically
• Married by religion then divorce
C/c Religion & State in Roman
Catholicism and Orthodoxy
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Secular in the East; religious in the West
Rome centralized religion—Latin
Orthodoxy—localized—local language
West—power stayed the Church
East—power in the State
West—Medieval Europe
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Viking and other nomadic raidsfeudalism
Code of chivalry
Primogeniture
Scholasticism
Crusades
Inquisition
Rise of the Nation-State
• William the Conqueror
• Magna Carta
• Isabella and Ferdinand
C/C Ancient with Middle Ages
• Agricultural surplusescities
• Formed complicated institutions
• Arts and sciences
C/C Feudal Europe & Islam
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Islamic traders traded with the world
European lords governed the manor
Baghdad became the center for learning
Europe very local and mainly religious
education
China
• Tang dynasty got so big that it collapsed
– Poetry
– Civil service exam—bureaucracy
• Song dynasty reunified
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Practical encyclopedias and histories
Printing press
Civil service exam—bureaucracy
Transportation/canal networks for communication
Paper money and credit
Chinese junks
• Fell to the Mongols—Yuan dynasty
• Ming dynasty in 1368
Chinese Women
• Tang
– Wu Zhao—1st Empress
– Ruthless toward adversaries
– Compassionate toward peasants
Patriarchical—inferior, but with feminine virtues
worth protecting
Foot-binding
Chinese Religion
• Diverse during Han: Nestorians,
Manicheans, Zorastrians, and Islam
• Buddhism impacted the most
– Appealed b/c of peace and meditation
– Drain on the treasury b/c advocates end to
earthly gain
China Civil Service Exam
• Stability b/c stayed in effect when dynasties
changed
• Leaders depended on the bureaucracy
• Earned by strong performance
• Meritocracy opposed to aristocracy
• Similar to US b/c chg in President doesn’t
change Congress
Japan
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Influenced by China and Korea
Yamato 1st ruling clan
Shinto
Buddhist missionaries
Modeled after Tang
Both held education in high esteem
Fujiwara—Feudal Japan
C/C Europe & Japan
• Similar political, social and honor code
• Europe based on legal contract
• Japan based on group identity
India
• Delhi Sultanate
• Islam spread throughout N. India
• Hindu temples were destroyed
Rise and Fall of Mongols
• Horseman, clan in-fighting kept them from
uniting
• Genghis Khan unified and invaded China
• Separate hordes invaded Russia, middle east
and India
• Pax Mongolica
• Continued exchange, but no major impact
on culture and stifled some growth
Mongols
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Most became Muslim
Diffused culture
Didn’t mix with
Kept Russia from advancing as far as
Europe
• Brought the world together through trade
Africa
• Mansa Musa—Mali
• Built Timbuktu
• Pilgrimmage to Mecca
• Oral literature
Americas
• Maya
• Aztecs
• Incas