Transcript Ancient China Unit 2 - HardyWiki

Ancient China
Unit 2
Mr. Hardy
RMS IB Middle School
2012-2013
Geography
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Huang He- Yellow
River
Chang Jiang- Yangtze
River
 Very fertile area
Gobi Desert,
Himalaya Mtn.
Range- isolated the
people of China
Shang Dynasty
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Farming society
Ruled by Wealthy
Believed in ancestor worship, life after death,
and Oracle Bones that could predict the future
 Created silk
Zhou Dynasty
pronounced, Joe
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Practiced Feudalism
Filial piety- your duty is to your family
Created Pictographs (Writing system)
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Mandate of Heaven- belief that
Heaven kept order (Like Golden Age
Pyramid)
 Rise  Peak  Fall
Qin Dynasty
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221- 202B.C.
Qin Shi Huangdi- first emperor, 13 yrs old
 Unified
China
 Autocracy- emperor has unlimited power
 People disliked Qin’s rule
 Very cruel and harsh- had hundreds of
people killed
 Slaves built a system of roads
throughout the empire, as well as forts
and canals.
Emperor Qin's Accomplishments
The Emperor's Army
Great Wall of
China
 Army made of terra
 Intended to
cotta
defend
 Recreation of Qin’s
Northern
imperial guard
China from
nomadic tribes
 More than 6,000 men,
(invasion)
each different
 Took
thousands of
workers
 Not paid,
forced labor
Han Dynasty
202B.C.- 220A.D.
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“Golden Dynasty of China”
Emperor considered a divine
authority – link between heaven
and Earth
Highly Structured Government
-18 levels of government officials
Civil Service Exam
 Schools to educate those who
wished to work for the govt.
 Over 150 years of peace and
wealth – Very popular with
people.
 Adopted Confucianism
The Government System
established by the Han, lasted
until 1912!
Confucianism
• Not a religion, - more
like a philosophy, or
way of life.
• Based on the
writings of a great
teacher knows as
Confucius - K'ung-futzu, "Master Kung”
551BC – 479BC
Confucianism
• Li (social propriety) is the
greatest principle of
living. When society lives
by li it moves smoothly.
•
• The Middle Way –
(moderation in all things)
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Quotes:
Everything has its beauty, but not
everyone sees it.
It does not matter how slowly you go,
so long as you do not stop.
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Men’s natures are alike, it is their
habits that carry them far apart.
Our greatest glory is not in failing, but
in getting up every time we do.
Study the past, if you would define the
future.
To be able under all circumstances to
practice five things constitutes perfect
virtue; these five things are gravity,
generosity of soul, sincerity,
earnestness, and kindness.
Forget injuries, never forget kindness.
I hear and I forget. I see and I
remember. I do and I understand.
Han Dynasty Inventions
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Paper about 105A.D., • Horse collar –
greatly expanded
allowed horses to
education and
pull a much larger
government.
load.
Rudder- allowed
• Perfected iron
boats to sail into the
tools and plows
wind
(Do you see any
Wheel barrow
pattern here?)
Fall of the Han
• Huge Taxes to run
government
• Gap between rich and
poor grew
• Poor lost farms and
homes
• Could not pay taxes
• Less taxes weakened
the military
• (Where have we seen this
before?)
Tang Dynasty
618-907
• Created programs to help the poor
• Created gunpowder- Fireworks!
• Brought back the Civil service exam
–Open to all men, but only the rich
could afford the education
–Must be knowledgeable in
Confucianism
– Only 1 in 5 passed
Song Dynasty
960-1279
Prosperous and innovative
Trade and Foreign Contact
 Great naval force
Advanced farming techniques- Rice!
Creation of block printing
Use of algebra
 Abacus
 Use paper money
 Banking
Role of Women of the Song
Practiced foot binding- meant
to reflect wealth and prestige,
crippled for life
Servants to men
Mongols
• Nomadic people
• Horseback- primary
form of travel
Genghis Khan- elected
ruler of Mongols, 1206
Created largest empire
in history!
Used terror to conquer
people
Professional, organized
army
MONGOL WARRIORS
Kublai Khan – Yuan
Dynasty
• Kublai Khan – grandson of Genghis
Khan
• Becomes Mongol emperor in 1260
• Conquers all of China in 1279,
uniting China for the first time in
300 years.
• Yuan Dynasty only lasts until 1368,
but is very important.
Yuan Dynasty
• Kublai Khan very good ruler for China
• Kublai Khan moved capital from
Mongolia to modern day Beijing, China
• Mongols kept separate identity from the
Chinese – lived apart and had different
laws. Tolerated Chinese culture and made
few changes to government system
Yuan Dynasty & Trade
• Open up China to more trade and Western
contact
• Marco Polo – Young Venetian who lived in
Khan’s court for 17 years. His travel journal
(1271-1295) became hugely popular book.
• First time most Europeans had been exposed to
Chinese culture, like silk, gunpowder, playing
cards, porcelain, printing, the magnetic compass,
and paper money.
• Death of Kublai Khan and high taxes doomed
the Yuan dynasty.
Kublai Khan and Marco Polo
1215-1294
1254-1324
Mini Masterpiece
This Will Be Started In Class at the Conclusion of the Notes
• Required materials- 1 sheet of copy paper, markers/ colored
pencils, black ink pen
• Fold the paper into 4 boxes.
– Option A- Create an image in each box that represents each of
the dynasties/topics discussed during today’s class.
– Option B- Create a 1 paragraph summery of each
dynasty/topic in it’s assigned box. Your paragraph must be
detailed and include a minimum of 5 sentences.
– *Choose 1 of the following topics to create your MiniMasterpieces on:
• - Ancient Dynasties- Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han
• - Medieval Dynasties- Tang, Song, Mongols, and Yuan
• - Philosophy- Confucianism, Mandate of Heaven, and two dynasties
of your choice
• Your boxes must be colored or written in black ink and
include a frame and the name of the dynasty/topic.
• See Mr. Hardy for an example!