Transcript Mongols ppt

• 3/4 Focus:
– The Mongols, a nomadic people from Central
Asia, conquered settled societies across Asia
and built the largest unified land empire in
history.
• Do Now:
– Identify two technological innovations
developed during the Tang and Song dynasties
•
• Lived on the Central
Asian Steppe
– Dry grasslands
– Harsh environment
• -57° F(winter) 95°(summer)
• Natural resources
were scarce
• Nomadic people
– Were pastoralists
• Herded domesticated
animals
• Became expert horsemen
– Depended on animals for
food, clothing, and
housing materials
• Lived in Yurts
– Were use to competing
for resources
• c
• Real name was
Temujin
• United the Mongol
clans under his rule
– Was given the title
Genghis Kahn
– Meant “World
Emperor”
– Ruled from 12061227AD
• Genghis Khan
established an
organized and highly
disciplined military
– Organized into armies
of 10,00 men
• 1000 man brigades
• 100 man companies
• 10 man platoons
– Destroyed everything in
their path
– Ruthless in battle and
conquest
• “Man’s greatest
good fortune is to
chase and defeat his
enemy, seize his
total possessions,
leave his married
women weeping and
wailing, [and] ride
his [horse]. . . . “
• G-Genghis Khan
• “I am the
punishment of
God...If you had not
committed great
sins, God would not
have sent a
punishment like me
upon you.”
- Genghis Khan
• Attacked
northern China
in 1211
• Began an effort
to conquer
territories
across Asia and
into parts of
Eastern Europe
•
• Expert horsemen and
bowmen
– Could cover 120 miles
on a horse in one day
– Invented the stirrup
so they could turn and
shoot arrows while
riding
– Would drink the blood
of their horse if they
were out of food
•
• Adopted new
weapons and
technologies
captured from his
enemies
– Used Chinese
engineers to built
catapults and
gunpowder charges
and used them
against other Chinese
cities
• Used brutality and
psychological warfare
against their enemies to
spread terror
– Burned any town or city that
resisted them and killed all
of the inhabitants
• Killed millions of people
– This led other towns or
cities to surrender without a
fight
• Used deceptive military
tactics and surprise attacks
on enemies
– Often made the Mongol army
appear larger than it was
• Dressed prisoners as Mongol
soldiers
– Would make it appear as if the
Mongol army was retreating
which would lead his enemies
to pursue him
• A larger Mongol force would be
waiting to surprise pursing enemy
forces
• Genghis Khan died in
1227
• His successors
continued to conquer
territories and
established an empire
that stretched from
China to Eastern Europe
– Empire divided into 4
Khanates or sections
•
• Were not
oppressive rulers
– Granted religious
toleration
– Allowed people to
maintain their way
of life but had to
pay tribute to the
Mongols
• Ruled Russia for
250 years
• Isolated Russia
from the rest of
Europe
• Absolute power
of the Mongols
served as a
model for future
Russian rulers
• Grandson of Genghis
Khan
• Completed conquering
of all of China
– also controlled Korea
• Established the Yuan
Dynasty
– Ruled China for 150
years
•
• Did not want to Mongols to be absorbed
into Chinese civilization
– Mongol workers were given best jobs in
government
– Only allowed Mongols to serve in the army
• Mongol rule over
Asia lead to a
period of peace and
stability that
allowed for an
exchange of goods
and ideas between
the East and West
– 1250’s-1350’s
• Increased trade
and cultural
diffusion along
the Silk Road
– Mongols insured
safe passage
along the trade
route
– Trade increases
– Knowledge and
technology from
Asia to Europe
•
Safe travel brought travelers to Asia
• Ibn Battuta
• Marco Polo
Muslim traveler
Italian Merchant
Documented his travels
Traveled to China
through Asia
Writings sparked an
interest among Europeans
in China
•
• Mongol lands were too large and diverse
for one power to govern
– Mongols had very little experience in
government
• Death of strong leaders brought about
uprisings from groups that resented
being ruled by the Mongols
– Death of Kublai Khan brought the end of the
Yuan Dynasty
• Was replaced by the Ming Dynasty
Friday’s Quiz Questions
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Explain the Geography of China
Explain the term Ethnocentric
Explain some facts about the Tang Dynasty
Explain some facts about the Song Dynasty
Explain the Civil service system
Explain the Dynastic cycle
What is the Pax Mongolia
What were some effects of the Pax Mongolia