Transcript People & Ideas on the Move

People & Ideas on the
Move
Indo-Europeans
Nomadic tribe moves from out of Mesopotamia
 Modern languages first form.
 1700-1200B.C. migrate in all directions
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Indo Europeans
Hittites
1650 -1190 B.C.
 Mesopotamia, Asia
minor
 Occupy Fertile
Crescent
 Excelled in war
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– War-treaty with Egypt
– Chariots & Iron
weapons
Aryans
Move into Indus River Valley
 1500 B.C.
 Looked down on people in India
 Counted wealth in cows
 Records in the sacred literature, the
Vedas.
 Develop caste system – Social class you
are born into.
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4 social classes
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1 – Brahmins (priests)
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2 – Warriors
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3 – Peasants or
traders
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4 – Laborers (nonAryan)
Purusha (1st human being)
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Social classes became
the caste system. In
caste for life and
considered impure if
in lower caste.
Hinduism
No founder
 Liberate soul from disappointments and mistakes
of life.
 Person strives to understand relationship
between atman (individual soul) and Brahman
(world soul). Usually takes more than 1 lifetime.
 Reincarnation – continual rebirth
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– Karma – good or bad deeds follows person and
influences life and caste.
Buddhism
Founder - Siddhartha Gautama
 Prophesied to be a world leader
 Seeks enlightenment (wisdom), how to
escape human suffering tries many
methods (fasting, conversation); gains
enlightenment by meditating (49 days)
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Becomes the Buddha,
the “enlightened one”
 4 Noble Truths to
achieve
enlightenment
(wisdom)
 Goal to reach Nirvana
(release from
selfishness and pain)
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Main Ideas to come to Enlightenment.
8 fold path for anyone to find nirvana.
Buddha rejected
Hinduism
 Believed earth is created and
destroyed again and again.
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Chinese Civilization
1027 B.C. – 256 B.C. The Zhou control China.
They declared that the previous dynasty had a
poor ruler and the gods allowed them to take
over.
 So, a just ruler had divine approval known as
the Mandate of Heaven.
 If something bad happens (flood, riots, wars,..)
it was a sign the Mandate of Heaven was
passing to a new dynasty (family).
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Confucianism
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Confucius lived in the Zhou when they were losing control of
China (551 B.C.)
The lords were not reporting to the King of the Zhou. This led to wars
among the lords and decline for the dynasty.
He believe that social order, harmony and good government
could be restored in China.
Rulers should practice kindness and live a good life, then the
people would be loyal and law abiding.
Respect for parents and elders is important to a well ordered society.
Social order, harmony and good government should be based on family relationships.
Education is important both to the welfare of the individual and to society.
http://www.inspirationalquotes4u.com/confuciusquotes
/index.html
The Great Wall
Started by the Qin dynasty 200 B.C.
 Ruler Shi Huangdi, finished the great wall. Peasants were forced
to work on the wall or die.
 Added to and finished as seen by the Ming Dynasty
(1368-1644 A.D.)
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Phoenicians
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Mediterranean Sea
1100B.C.
Great sailors and traders
In what is now Lebanon.
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Known for Alphabet
Judaism –
Hebrews
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Palestine (Canaan)
In the Bible (Old
Testament) God
promised them
Palestine
 Monotheistic
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Hebrews (Jews)
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God chooses Abraham as “father” of Hebrews
and tells him to move people to Canaan (1800
B.C.)
Later the Hebrews move to Egypt & are
enslaved.
 Moses leads exodus out of Egypt. Later God
gives him 10 Commandments.
 ~1000 B.C. Israel is formed
 The last of the 12 tribes is Judah,
therefore the name Jews develops
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Assyrians
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Terms
– Assyria – SW Asia kingdom that ruled 850 to 612 B.C.
– Nineveh – located on Tigris River.
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Accomplishment
– Weapons made of iron, advanced tactics (digging
under walls so they would fall, makeshift bridges,
– Killed or sold conquered into slavery.
– Gov’t – Distributed power to local authorities
– Library – world’s largest. Much of Mesopotamia’s clay
tablets.
Persians
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Terms
– Cyrus – king that was known for military genius and
kindness to conquered.
– Darius – Brought peace and stability
– Royal Road – Advanced road system that allowed for
easy trade & communication
 Common monetary (coins) allowed for easy trade
– Zoroaster – teaching that earth is battle ground for
good and evil. One god.
500 B.C. – 600 A.D.
 Middle East
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