Transcript ROMAN EMPIRE LOCATION-center of Italy

RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS
LOCATION – Egypt (Nile); Mesopotamia (Tigris-Euphrates);
India (Indus); China (Huang He)
CHARACTERISTICS
DEVELOPMENT
OF:
• Written languages
• Religion
• Government/Laws
• Economic Systems
• Educational Institutions
• History
• Villages/Cities
RISE OF CIVILIZATION
• NEOLITHIC
REVOLUTION
– Domestication of plants
(farming) and animals
(herding)
– End of nomadic cultures
– Surplus food allows for
rise of civilizations.
ROMAN EMPIRE
LOCATION-center of Italy
-controlled ALL of Mediterranean world
CHARACTERISTIC
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1ST a Republic (509 BC)
Later an Empire (31BC)
12 Tables = Laws
Engineers (domes,
aqueducts)
• Pax Romana (200yrs of
peace and prosperity)
FALL OF EMPIRE
• Over expansion of Empire
• High taxes
• Division of Empire Eastern/Constantinople,
(later Byzantine Empire) and
Western/Rome
• Weak Army
• Invasion of barbarians
476AD
Dynastic China (1027BC-221BC)
LOCATION – Isolated by Himalayas and Gobi Desert
ETHNOCENTRISM
CHARACTERISTICS
RISE OF EMPIRE
(Zhou Dynasty)
• Military conquests
• Civil Service exams for gov’t
workers…capable workers
• Silk Road…trade
w/west…wealth
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Mandate of Heaven
Feudal gov’t
(Shi Huangdi and Qin Dynasty)
• The Great Wall
• Centralized gov’t
(Han Dynasty)
• Confucianism
• Technology and Science
• (wood/paper; acupuncture)
Byzantine Empire
LOCATION – Eastern half of Roman Empire/290AD;
Constantinople, capital
CHARACTERISTICS
• Blended Greek, Roman,
and Christian
influences
• Autocratic gov’t
• JUSTINIAN CODE OF
LAWS
• Art = icons, mosiacs
• Religion= E. Orthodox
Christians
FALL OF EMPIRE
• Invading armies
• Conquered by
Ottoman Turks/ 1500
ARAB ISLAMIC EMPIRE
LOCATION – Byzantine Empire, Persian Empire, Egypt, Spain
(stopped in Tours 732AD)
CHARACTERISTICS
• Golden Age preserved GrecoRoman Culture
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education
calligraphy
algebra
medicine
astronomy
RISE OF EMPIRE
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Strong fighters/jihad
Cavalry (on camels)
Weak enemies
Fair to conquered
people
Mesoamerican Civilizations (Pre-Columbian)
LOCATION – 1500BC-1500AD Central America (Mayans);
Mexico (Aztecs); Peru (Incas)
CHARACTERISTICS
M: pyramid temples;
hieroglyphics; 365 day
calendar
RISE OF EMPIRE
• Agricultural security
• Prosperity through trade
A: 365
day calendar; building
skills (bridges, canals
I: 12,000miles of roads; terrace
farming
FALL OF THE EMPIRE
• Contact w/Europeans
-disease
-higher technology
(guns!)
WEST AFRICAN KINGDOMS
LOCATION – 750BC-1600ADWest Africa – Ghana, Mali,
Songhai
CHARACTERISTICS
• Trade network
Salt (Sahara to Savannahs)
Gold (Savannahs to Sahara)
“Mansa Musa was a Muslim
from Mali who went to
Mecca”…center for Islamic
learning…Timbuktu
FALL OF EMPIRE
• Slave Trade
warring tribes
civil wars
invasions
MAURYA EMPIRE (321BC-185BC)
GUPTA EMPIRE (320AD-550AD)
LOCATION – INDIA
CHARACTERISTICS
M: organized gov’t
– Asoka the Great ruled by
Buddhism
G: promoted Hinduism
–Zero
–Decimal system
–Arabic numerals
–Smallpox vaccine
FAILURE OF EMPIRE
• Weak rulers
• Huns invade