Transcript Chinese Dynasties

Chinese Dynasties Review
MS. SHEETS
AP WORLD HISTORY
Topography of
China
Xia
•
Possible mythical
dynasty
Shang
•
AKA Yellow River (Huang He)
•
Pottery, wheels, farms, silk: no
discovered writing or how to use
metals
•
Highly developed social classes:
kings, nobles, commoners and
slaves.
•
Developed in considerable
isolation: develop agriculture on
their own
•
Organized state with irrigation
•
Skilled horseback riders; used
bronze, iron
•
First documented rule in China
(Xia had no written records).
Zhou
Created the “Mandate
of Heaven”
Used feudalism to
create alliances
Extended territory of
China into the Yangtze
River valley
Promoted one standard
language (Mandarin
Chinese)
Confucianism created
Era of Warring
Kingdoms
Zhou feudal regional
rulers formed
independent armies
Zhou dynasty ended
after the Era of the
Warring States (402201 BCE)
Qin
Shi Huangdi took control
of feudal estates
Created non-aristocratic
officials to oversee
provinces
Centralization
Great Wall of China was
begun
Calculate tax revenues
and labor services more
efficiently
Standardized coinage,
weights and measures
Han
Emperor Wu Ti
Developed examination
system to prepare civil
servants to work in
government
Extensive expansion of
Chinese territory
Trade routes led to
contact with India,
Parthian Empire,
Roman Empire
Six Dynasties
Includes:
1)
Three Kingdoms
Period (220-280)
2)
Jin Dynasty (265420)
3)
Southern and
Northern Dynasties
(420-589)
Sui
Return to strong
dynastic control in
China
Promoted Buddhism
Restored examination
system
Expensive building
projects (Grand Canal)
Tang
Li Yuan united China
Bureaucracy rebuilt
utilizing Confucian
ideology
Early Tang: proBuddhist (Empress Wu)
Late Tang: Buddhist
backlash (Emperor
Wuzong)
Emperor Xuanzong and
An Lishan Rebellion
(mutiny)
Five Dynasties
and Ten
Kingdoms
Five Dynasties in
Northern China
succeeded one another
rapidly
Ten Kingdoms in
Southern China existed
concurrently and
controlled their own
territory
Song
General Zhao Kuangyin
overcomes all rivals but
one: nomadic Liao
dynasty in Manchuria
Song pay tribute to Liao
to keep them from
raiding
Neo-Confucians lead
amongst scholars:
promote footbinding
Attempts at Reform
with Wang Anshi
Dynasty flees south
when nomads invade
Southern Song
New capital at
Hangzhou:
sophisticated, wealthy,
commerce expands
Politically and
economically weak;
culturally, it is a golden
age
Yuan
Kubilai Khan (grandson)
led forces against Song
beginning in 1235
Distinction between
Mongol and Chinese
Social standing in Yuan
Dynasty (Mongols;
Muslims and Asian
nomads; Chinese)
Yuan Court welcomed
foreigners
Chinese civil service
exam was not used
Mongols retreat escaped
to central Asia when
overthrown by Ju
Yuanzhang
Ming
Founded by Ju Yuanzhang
(Hongwu)
Returned China to
tradition; remove Mongol
influence
Revive scholar-gentry
(more complex)
Bureaucracy purged of
corrupt traitors
Neo-Confucians dominate
Huge population growth
via new world crops
1433: Isolationism; end of
Zheng He’s missions
Decline when Manchus
invade
Qing
Qing maintained political
and social system of Ming
Bureaucracy became
corrupt.
Yellow River Flood on
Shandong peninsula
Opium War: spheres of
influence,
extraterritorality rights
Taiping Rebellion and
Self-Strengthening
Movement
Boxer Rebellion and 8Nation Alliance
1911: Republican
Revolution
Republic of
China
Started by Sun Yat-sen
Associated with
Nationalists
1925: Led by Chiang
Kai-Shek
Chinese Civil War: vs.
Communists
1950: end of Chinese
Civil War
Retreat to Taiwan;
claim to still be
legitimate government
People’s
Republic of
China
Emerge as rebel group
vs. Nationalists
Ultimately led by Mao
Zedong
Glean support from
peasants
Remodeled along Soviet
lines
Great Leap Forward
(industrial failure)
Cultural Revolution
(cleanse China of
traditional culture)