Transcript Chinese Nationalism - Churchville Central School District

China/Japan/India
Sui/Tang/Song-China
Fujiwara-Japan
Delhi Sultanate-India
China
Refinement of a Chaotic China
China
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Frank: It's the same old story. Boy finds girl, boy
loses girl, girl finds boy, boy forgets girl, boy
remembers girl, girls dies in a tragic blimp
accident over the Orange Bowl on New Year's
Day.
Jane: Goodyear?
Frank: No, the worst.
Sui Dynasty
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The Sui Dynasty (589-618
C.E.)
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The Sui Dynasty reunified
China and its boarders and
later expand China
A strong military helped to
stabilize China
The Sui developed a code of
laws
The Sui also introduced written
examinations for Confucian
students for civil service
appointments
The Tang would take this new
found stability and improve
upon it and China
The Grand Canal
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Dug between 605 and 609
C.E.
Took an enormous amount
of labor to build the canal
The canal extended almost
1,200 miles linking the
Yangzi Valley to Beijing
The canal allowed for
extended trade, a long
distance supply route for the
army and government
control of the wealth in the
Yangzi Valley
Tang Dynasty
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The Tang (618-906 C.E.)
Expanded China into Manchuria, Mongolia, Tibet
and Korea
 The Tang enforced a tribute system for areas that it
controlled
 Developed and efficient government based on the
teaching of Confucius and educational system for
the elite
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Tang
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Economy
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With the
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Reunification of the
country
Opening of the Grand
Canal linking north and
south
Expansion of the Central
Asian Silk Route
Expansion of sea routes
Lead to great prosperity
in China under the Tang
Class Question
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How does this increase in trade effect
China?
 The countries China trades with?
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What major concept is a by-product of trade?
Tang
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Economy
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Tea
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Went from being a herb for
keeping people awake to
becoming a major item of
trade
Silk
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Made China extremely wealthy
Remained a secret to only the
Chinese
Greater trade networks
allowed for more demand
across the world for silk
Tang
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Foreigners
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Due to extensive trade
and open ports foreigners
were common in China
Foreign religions like
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Islam, Judaism,
Christianity, were practiced
in China
Foreign Influences like
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Silver-smithing, music and
new technologies were
introduced
Tang
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Society
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The Tang remained an
aristocratic society
Most bureaucrats came
from elite families who
could afford to send their
sons to school to be
educated
Educated men wrote
poems and some of the
greatest Chinese poets
were of this time like Du
Fu
Tang
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Emperor Xuanzong
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Welcomed Buddhist and
Daoist to court
Conducted great
ceremonies
Established a poets
society
Created imperial parks
Tang
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Class Question
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What does Emperor Xuanzong’s legacy say about
China under the Tang Dynasty?
Tang
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The end of the Dynasty
By the 800’s military failures on the frontiers, peasant
revolts, caused the Dynasty to break apart
 By 906 C.E. the Dynasty did fall and China did split
itself into several different nation states
 This would last from 1000 C.E. to 1200 C.E. until
the Song Dynasty reunited China
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Tang
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Conclusion
The Tang Dynasty had developed art, architecture,
science, philosophy, silk weaving, transportation
systems, and most importantly poetry
 China under the Tang had become a Classical
Empire to rival the later empires of Europe
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Song
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Ruled central China from the Yellow River to Vietnam
Lasted until 1279 C.E.
The Song Empire was marked by a series of wars and
alliances
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Between 916-1110’s the Song paid tribute to the Liao who
were north of the Song
In 1110’s the Song made and alliance with the Jurchens who
were on the northern side of the Liao
The Liao were trapped between the Song and the Jurchen
and the Liao were destroyed
The Jurchen (Jin) and the Song proclaimed victory and the
Song had to retreat at the threat of the Jin
Song
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Society
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Steady population growth
Urbanized society
Cities with one million
inhabitants
Port of canton became
the largest seaport in the
world
Strong ties with Japan and
Korea
Song
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Economics
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Received goods from
merchants all over the
world
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Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
Malaysia
India
Traded silk with the world
Song
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Technology
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One of if not the most
advanced societies in the
world at that time
Mathematics
Astronomy
Accurate clocks
Working compass at sea
Gunpowder
Paper currency
Block printing
Song
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Religion
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Revival of Confucianism
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This helped unify a politically unstable China by creating
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Hierarchy
Social stratification
Obedience
Acknowledged the importance of education
Rigorous civil service exams
New form of Buddhism (Chan)
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Stressed the idea of meditation
Song
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Women
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Confucianism was used as a
justification of subordination
Arranged marriages
Women needed to have
dowries
Foot-binding
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The practice of keeping
women’s feet bound to keep
them dainty
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Most women were crippled
by the practice
Feet were bound at birth
and while the rest of the
body grew the feet did not
The practice was very
painful for women
This practice would
continue until the 1900’s
Song
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Women
Lower class women had more freedom then upper
class women
 Still secondary to men
 Could inherit property
 Could divorce
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Song
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Fall of the Song
While the Song enjoyed peace and prosperity its
weak military could not hold off the Jurchan (Jin)
 Finally in 1279 C.E. the Mongols invaded China and
the Song Dynasty fell
 The Mongols would establish the Yuan Dynasty
until 1368 C.E.
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Song
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Conclusion
The Song had developed a large trade and city
system in China
 The Song had also developed a large seafaring trade
system and the largest port in the world
 The Song spread Chinese influence across Asia by
the means of literature which would influence Japan
and Korea
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Japan
Japan
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Japan consist of four main islands off the coast
of Asia
Because Japan was an island nation it was
relatively isolated with limited exchange of ideas
and goods
Little is known of Japan prior to 400 C.E.
Japan was influenced by China and Korea
The Yamato Clan was the first and only clan to
rule Japan (They still rule today)
Japan
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Shinto
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“The way of the gods”
Worshipped kami
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Nature and all the forced of
nature seen and unseen
Under Shinto the idea is to
become one with kami
Uses ritual and customs
Encourages obedience and
proper behavior
The belief that the emperor
was a descendent of the sun
god-thus divine
Japan
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Chinese Influence
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The Chinese had a tremendous influence on Japanese
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Art
Architecture
Literature
Religion
Both Confucianism and Buddhism arrived in Japan by the
700’s
Japan soon became the center for Eastern Asia study of
Buddhism
Most Japanese adopted Buddhism while still practicing Shinto
Japan
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Japan borrowed the legal
codes of the Tang
Dynasty called the Taika
Reforms
Japan also built their
capital city modeled after
the Tang Capital
However the Japanese
rejected Confucianism
and the civil service
exams
Japan
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Class Question
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Why would the Japanese reject Confucianism and
the civil service exams?
Japan
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It placed too much importance on education.
In Japan your rank at birth was more important
to your status as a person
Class systems in Japan were based on heredity
Japan
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The Fujiwara
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By the early 800’s the Emperor
wanted to break free of the
Buddhist influence
The capital was moved to Heian
Japanese consciousness developed
Aristocratic families began to
increase
One aristocratic family who
through intermarriages with the
emperors families gained power
were the Fujiwara
Japan
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Fujiwara
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Began to run the affairs of the
country
Power shifted from the emperor to
the Fujiwara family
The emperor was seen as only a
figurehead
Under the Fujiwara there was
Golden Age of Japanese
 Art, literature
Women were also seen as having
rank in Japan
 Some women were nobles
Japan
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Taira-Minamoto War
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While the Fijiwara had increased Japanese culture they had
neglected the military
They had delegated military matters to various clans
These clans became powerful and began fighting for land and
power
A civil war broken out between two of the strongest clans
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Taira
Minamoto
The Taira at first won and controlled the government
however the Minamoto rose up, defeated the Taira in a five
year civil war and took control of the government calling it a
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Shogunate
Japan
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However by the 12th
century with the large
influx of noble families
everyone was fighting for
land in Japan
Japan would develop a
feudal system like
Europe
Japan
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Feudal System
The feudal system in Japan developed at the same
time as the feudal system in Europe-however neither
had knowledge of the other
 As stated before the Emperor was only a figurehead
 In 1192 Yoritomo Minamoto was given the title of
Shogun or chief general
 Below the Shogun were the daimyo
 Below the Shogun were the Samurai
 Below the Samurai were the Peasants
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Japanese Classes
Samurai
Daimyo
Shogun Ashikaga Takauji
1305 - 1358
Feudal Japan v. Feudal Europe
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Japan
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Emperor –figurehead
Shogun
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King –usually a
figurehead
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Lord-L
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Warriors who held small
pieces of land
Peasants
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Landowner
Samurai with noble blood
Samurai
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Europe
Chief General
Daimyo
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Enough said
Knights
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Large landowner
Noble blood
Warriors who held small
pieces of land
Peasants
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Enough said
Feudal Japan v. Feudal Europe
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Similarities
Peasants
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Worked to support the upper classes
Each hierarchy was based on land for loyalty exchange
Differences
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Women in Japan were treated with higher respect-some were nobles
The land ownership contract in Europe was based on law
The land ownership contract in Japan was based on group identity and
loyalty
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I am what I am a samurai and I know my place in society
Both systems were based on culture
Japan
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Important Shogunates
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Kamakura Shogunate
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1200-1300
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Kept Khubiliai Khan’s Yuan China from invading Japan
Ashikaga Shogunate
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1336-1573
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Developed a strong sense of Japanese culture
 Painting, music, philosophy, landscaping
Strong economic trade
Zen Buddhism
Tea Ceremony
Lost power when it was unable to stop a series of civil wars
Japan would be divided in civil wars from 1573 to the middle 1600’s
India
The Muslims Arrive
India
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Background
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Prior to 1022 C.E. India was in a state of disunity
The Gupta Empire had collapses in 550 C.E.
(Question what other are of the world does this sound
like at almost the very same time?)
At about 700’s Muslims reached the Indian boarders
They moved into the Indus Valley region and what is today
Pakistan
By 1000 they were ready to invade India
(Question what other famous invasion was about to take
place in 1066 C.E. that would change the face of another
country)
India
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The Muslims Invade
For over two hundred years the Muslims kept
fighting an annexing pieces of India
 In 1206 the Muslims captured Delhi
 At Delhi they established a sultan known as the
Delhi Sultanate which ruled India from 1206-1520
 The Delhi Sultanate fell under the control of the
Abbasid Caliphate and became its own Caliphate in
1258 with the destruction of the Abbasid
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India
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Delhi Sultanate
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Allowed Hindus to still
practice their own religion
though the Muslims hated the
thought of many gods
However tried to convert India
to Muslim
Non Muslim Indians had to
pay a tax to the Sultanate
Hindus and Muslims did not
mix and did not always get
along
There was often violence
between both groups
India
Class Questions
#1
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What might be an advantage of the Muslim invasion in India
for Indian people? Who might take advantage of this
invasion and who would not like the invasion?
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Knowing what you know about India and Pakistan today
what could you generalize about the problems today?
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What are some fundamental differences between Islam and
Hinduism?
#2
#3
India
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Progress under the
Sultanate
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Improvements in farming
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Irrigation systems
Muslim women held more
rights than Hindu women
and could divorce
Muslim Architecture
mixed with Hindu
Indians in the north
converted to Islam
India
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Fate of the Sultanate
At about 1350 the Sultanate reached its peak
 However after this time many Hindu areas began to
break free of Muslim rule and control
 In 1398 the Mongols moved into India under the
leadership of Timur Lang who destroyed a good
portion of India and Delhi
 The Delhi Sultanate survived but was badly
weakened
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Zen Gardens
Zen Gardens
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Karesansui, or the "dry-landscape" style Japanese
gardens have been in existence for centuries, but it
wasn't until the late sixth century with the advent of
Zen Buddhism did "dry style" gardens began to evolve.
Around the eleventh century, Zen priests adopted the
"dry landscape" style and began building gardens to
serve a different purpose. They were to be used as an
aid to create a deeper understanding of the Zen
concepts.
Zen Gardens
A Zen garden takes careful consideration and care
to create an appropriate atmosphere.
Earthy, natural elements are the primary components
of these gardens.
 Every rock, plant or sand spread has both meaning
and special placement.
 The number three is often represented in these
gardens. Three can represent the Buddhist Trinity,
Sanzon-ishi-gumi, or it can symbolize the sky, earth
and humanity.
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Zen Gardens
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Rocks, one of the most important parts of the
garden, can symbolize many things depending
on shape, color and texture.
A vertical rock can symbolize the sky, while a
horizontal rock can symbolize the earth.
 Rocks can even symbolize an animal or a shrub is
the garden is portraying a specific place. For
instance, if the garden is portraying a specific place,
rocks can also symbolize islands or mountains
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Zen Gardens
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Often sand is used in place of water.
The sand is swirled around with great care to
emulate rippling or rushing water.
 These “swirls” also provide energy to the garden.
 Although sand is often used in place of water, water
is also present in some Zen gardens
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Zen Gardens
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Not only was the viewing intended to aid in
meditation but the entire creation of the garden
was also intended to trigger contemplation.
By the late 1200's, the basic principles had been
established and up to the present day, they have
been refined and extended.
The garden created by the Zen priest are called
"kansho-niwa" or contemplation garden and
termed by many today as " Zen gardens ".
Zen Gardens
Zen Gardens