Transcript Chapter 22: East Asia Under Challenge

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Which dynasty controlled china in 1800
Population growth was a major problem in China
Who fought the Opium War? Why was it fought?
Who did the Treaty of Nanjing benefit?
Who won the first Sino-Japanese War
Spheres of influence are what?
The Chinese were not asked about the Open
Door Policy
Boxer rebellion was against who?
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Staple your documents to your essay and
pass it up!
Take out your notebooks
Mr. Lockwood
Our Lady of Lourdes High School
December 2014
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What different countries
are part of East Asia
Who do you think is
“challenging” for authority
in East Asia
What do you see
happening in the cartoon
to the right?
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From left to right
pictured here is Queen
Victoria of Britain,
Kaiser Wilhelm II of
Germany, Tsar
Nicholas II of Russia,
Marianne of France
(national symbol and a
samurai representing
Japan
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The Qing Dynasty controls China in 1800
◦ Height of its power
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China wants to stay free of Western Influence
Western nations want to trade w/ China
◦ Huge population = Huge Market
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Lack of freedoms
Corruption
Population growing too
fast
◦ Food shortage = Starvation
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China limits European access
to 1 port in 1800
Britain has a unfavorable
trade balance with China
◦ Britain imports more than it
exports to China
◦ Pay the difference in silver
◦ Britain turns to trading the
Chinese opium
◦ History Channel
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Silver now flowing out of China
British refuse to stop selling
Chinese blockade port
Britain responds crushing the Chinese
Qing Dynasty seeks peace
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“Crimes against humanity” include any
of the following acts committed as part
of a widespread or systematic attack
directed against any civilian
population, with knowledge of the
attack:
murder;
extermination;
enslavement;
deportation or forcible transfer of population;
imprisonment;
torture;
rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced
pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form
of sexual violence of comparable gravity;
persecution against an identifiable group on political,
racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious or gender
grounds;
enforced disappearance of persons;
the crime of apartheid;
other inhumane acts of a similar character
intentionally causing great suffering or serious bodily
or mental injury.
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Task:
◦ Write a well constructed paragraph (6 sentences or
more) explaining why you do or do not believe the
British committed crimes against humanity in China
during the 1800s.
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The first of many unfair treaties
Terms of the treaty:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reimburse Britain for costs during war
Open several ports to British trade
Britain gets control of Hong Kong
Grant extraterritoriality to British citizens living in
China
 Means foreigners are not subject to Chinese laws
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Be in your seat working when the bell rings
Have your regents questions from yesterday
If you have not finished them, you have 2
minutes to do so
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Result of Chinese failure to deal with:
◦ Foreign influence
◦ Internal problems
◦ Poor leadership
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Peasant revolt
25,000 people massacred in Nanjing
Revolt lasts for 14 years
◦ Europeans help put it down
◦ As many as 20 million die
Chinese warship
Yangwu, built at the
Foochow Arsenal in
1872.
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Reform policy in China
China should adopt Western technology
Keep Confucian values
Modernize military
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Spheres of Influence - areas where the imperial
powers had exclusive trading rights
European powers, the US and Japan all compete for
trading rights
Warlords after Tai Ping Rebellion negotiate directly
with foreign nations
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Japan and China
“Small” Japan
Defeats
Over inroads leading to Korea
“large” China
China defeated
Japan receives Taiwan and the Liaodong
Peninsula
Further upsets Chinese citizens
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1898 Qing Emperor Guang Xu
◦ Modernize China based on Western
nations and Japan
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Many oppose Western style
changes
Empress Dowager Ci Xi (emperor’s
aunt) opposes the program
◦ Overthrows emperor, ends reforms
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Be in your seat when the bell rings or you are
late, your back pack should be on the ground
Your homework should be passed up to the
front, if it is not in the hands of the first
person in the row 1 minute after the bell
rings it is late.
Take out the Boxer Rebellion reading, come
up with 5 questions on the back that draw
out the main ideas.
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Policy of the U.S. that China should be open to all
nations for trade
Set up by US Secretary of State John Hay
◦ NO consent of the Chinese
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Boxers were members of a secret
society
Upset over foreign takeover of
China
◦ “Destroy the foreigner”
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Slaughter foreign missionaries and
Christians
3 Minute Video
A Boxer during the
Revolt.
Troops from the 8
nation alliance.
Japan, Russia, Italy,
Germany, U.S.
Britain, AustriaHungary and France.
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20,000 man allied army restores order
Demand more concessions
◦ Chinese pay for the damages
◦ Qing Dynasty now weaker than ever
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Background – In 1800 the Qing Dynasty was
at the height of its power, in 1911 the Qing
Dynasty had fallen.
Task – In a well written paragraph (6
sentences minimum) describe the events that
led to the Qing dynasty during that 111 year
period. Be specific and use your notes!!
Note should come after fall of Qing slide
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Take a HW from the desk in the front
IF everyone is in their seats studying for the
quiz when the bell rings with their back packs
off you will get 3 minutes to study for the
quiz
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After Boxer Rebellion, try and reform
◦ Empress Dowager Ci Xi open to reform
◦ Educational, legal and political reforms
(modernizing)
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Progress is way to slow
◦ Taxes increase
◦ Lower class majority does not benefit
Question:
When progress does not help the majority, what
have we seen often happen in Global II
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Western educated
Young radical, pushes for change
(late 1800s)
Goal to end Qing Dynasty
◦ Until China has a strong government,
they will be at the mercy of the West
3 step plan for China
1. Military take over
2. Transitional phase
3. Constitutional democracy
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A statue of Sun Yatsen in Hawaii where
he attended high
school!
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Empress Dowafer Ci Xi and Guang Xu die
Qing emperor is now the infant Pu yi
Sun’s followers launch uprising (He is in US)
Qing Dynasty quickly falls
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Controls the army, becomes
president of a new Chinese
Republic
Tries to setup a new imperial
dynasty
◦ He would be new emperor
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Sun Yat-sen’s Nationalist Party
resists/rebels
◦ Fails and Sun is exiled to Japan
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When Yuan dies, China slips in chaos
Military warlords seize power in different parts of
the country
Puts China into “The Warlord Era” (1916-1928
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Enters the modern world early in the 20th
century
◦ Economic Changes
◦ Societal Changes
◦ Cultural changes
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Now a market for European goods
Strongest economy ever in China
Increased and improved transportation
Foreign investors modernize nation
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Negative Impact
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◦ China is dependent on Europe
◦ Profits got to foreign countries
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Wealthy and educated affected the most
Western education
Western art and literature sprout up
Confucian social ideas decline
Cities grow
◦ Middle and working classes develop