Transcript Classical Civilizations

• 6/8 Focus:
• Do Now:
– Complete the Regents Review Warm up
Questions
• The mountainous
topography (terrain) of
Greece resulted in widely
scattered settlements
that developed into many
small independent citystates. (The geography
of Greece prevented the
ancient Greek city-states
from uniting to form a
single nation.)
• The city-state of Athens practiced
direct democracy.
• The city-state of Sparta was very
different from Athens.
– Sparta placed more emphasis on military
service. Boys in Sparta were trained to be
soldiers.
– Sparta’s government was not democratic.
People had little voice in government.
• SOCRATES, PLATO, and ARISTOTLE
were philosophers of ancient Greece.
• The AGE OF PERICLES in Athens was a
GOLDEN AGE that produced
outstanding contributions in the arts
and sciences.
• ALEXANDER THE
GREAT’S conquests
caused the expansion
of HELLENISTIC
CULTURE.
• The blending of
GREEK, PERSIAN,
EGYPTIAN, and
INDIAN cultures
into Hellenistic
culture demonstrates
cultural diffusion.
• The Roman Empire extended over three
continents, surrounding the MEDITERRANEAN
SEA.
• The Mediterranean
Sea was the center of
Roman TRADE. The
Roman Empire grew
wealthy because it
developed extensive
trade networks.
• A SYSTEM OF
ROADS helped unify
the Roman Empire.
– Note: A system of
roads helped to unify
the INCA EMPIRE in
the Andes Mountains
of South America,
too.
• The Romans developed a form of
government known as the REPUBLIC
• Preserved GREEK CULTURE (GrecoRoman Culture)
• The Fall of the Roman Empire in 476
A.D. led to the start of the Middle
Ages
– Note the rise and fall of the Roman Empire
is often compared with the HAN dynasty in
China
• The SHANG DYNASTY was China's first
dynasty. During Shang rule, kings controlled
small areas while loyal princes and nobles
governed most of the land.
• To justify their rebellion against the Shang,
the Zhou people promoted the idea of the
MANDATE OF HEAVEN.
• The MANDATE OF HEAVEN is the Chinese
belief in the DIVINE RIGHT to rule.
• This process explaining the rise and fall of
dynasties is called the DYNASTIC CYCLE
• SHI HUANGDI constructed the Great Wall
of China. Over the centuries, the wall was
extended and rebuilt several times. Eventually,
it snaked for thousands of miles across
northern China.
• Shi Huangdi centralized power following the
principles of Qin LEGALISM.
– Legalists believed that rulers must achieve order
by passing STRICT LAWS and imposing HARSH
PUNISHMENTS.
• China grew wealthy because the Han
dynasty developed extensive trade
networks by opening the SILK ROAD
• Like the Roman Empire, the Han dynasty
promoted unity and communication by
building a STRONG SYSTEM OF
ROADS.
• Like the Roman Empire, The Han Empire
collapsed because of FOREIGN
INVASIONS, POLITICAL TURMOIL,
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, and a
DECLINING MILITARY.
• The Mauryan Empire
controlled more of the
Indian subcontinent
than the Gupta Empire
did.
• Expansion was limited by
GEOGRAPHIC
FACTORS (The
Himalayas, the Hindu
Kush Mountains, the
Arabian Sea, and the
Bay of Bengal).
• Asoka promoted RELIGIOUS
TOLERATION and established codified
laws with the PILLARS OF ASOKA
• During the era of the GUPTA EMPIRE,
India experienced a golden age (a period
of prosperity and artistic creativity).
• Art and literature flourished.
• Indian scholars contributed to
mathematics by developing the
DECIMAL SYSTEM and the CONCEPT
OF ZERO.
• Indian provinces were united after 200
years of civil war.
• Indians used the SANSKRIT LANGUAGE
• Like Peter the Great of Russia, Mughal
emperor AKBAR THE GREAT was an
ABSOLUTE RULER who modernized and
expanded his empire using ideas from
other cultures.
• Akbar the Great is similar to Asoka
because he promoted religious
toleration
• The architectural achievements of ancient
Rome (e.g. the Coliseum), ancient Egypt (e.g.
the Pyramids), and ancient China (e.g. the
Great Wall of China) indicate that
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY existed in early
civilizations.
• The PHOENICIANS are often referred to
as the “carriers of civilization” because they
traded goods and spread ideas throughout
the Mediterranean region.
• 6/9 Focus:
• Do Now:
– Complete the Regents Review Warm up
Questions
***Castle Learning Regents Review 8 due Friday***
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Establish legal standards/principles
Provide a written set of Laws
Create a stable society
Examples:
–
–
–
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–
–
Code of Hammurabi
Justinian’s Code
The Twelve Tables
10 Commandments
Pillars of Asoka
Napoleonic Code
1. One way in which the Code of
Hammurabi, the Twelve Tables, and
Justinian Code are similar is that
each:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Legalized monotheistic beliefs
Established legal standards
Provided records of economic activity
Supported republican government
Social Systems
• Tend to be hierarchal
• Power and wealth near the top
– Least amount of people
• People at the bottom have little or no
power
– Most people
Hindu Caste System
Feudalism-Europe
Feudalism-Japan
Spanish Colonial Class System
• The belief in many gods is known as:
– Polytheism
• The belief in one god is known as:
– Monotheism
Belief that in
nature spirits
exist in all
things
Animism
Shinto
– Compare and contrast Hinduism and
Buddhism
Dharma
Eightfold Path
Moksha
Karma
Reincarnation
Brahman
The Caste System
Nirvana
Four Noble Truths
No founder
Founded by Siddhartha
Guatma
Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism
• Five Pillars of Islam
– Allah is the one true God
– Give charity to the poor
– Make Pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca
– Fasting during the Ramadan
– Pray five times a day facing Mecca
• The Four Noble Truths (Buddhism)
– Life is suffering
– Suffering is caused by selfish desire
– Suffering can be eliminated by eliminating
desire
– Desire can be eliminated by following the
Eightfold Path
• The Ten Commandments
– Code and rules of behavior followed by
Christians and Jews
• The Five Relationships (Confucianism)
– Superior to Inferior
– Ruler to Subject
– Father to Son
– Husband to Wife
– Older Brother to Younger Brother
– Friend to Friend
Muhammad (I)
Jesus (C)
Mosque (I)
Koran (I)
Bible (J,C)
Torah (J)
5 Pillars (I)
10 Commandments (J,C)
Synagogue
(J)
Monotheism
Caliphate (I)
(I,J,C)
Began in the Middle
East (I,J,C)
1. One way in which the Five Relationships,
the Ten Commandments, and the Eightfold
Path are similar is that they:
A. promote polytheism
B. provide codes of behavior
C. establish gender equality
D. describe secularism
2. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are
similar in that they all ask their followers to
A. believe in reincarnation
B. strive for nirvana
C. follow a code of behavior
D. practice polytheism
3. Which action is most closely associated
with polytheism?
A. praying in a synagogue
B. worshipping many gods
C. accepting the Eightfold Path
D. reading the Koran
4. The five relationships taught by Confucius
encouraged people to
A. improve their position in life
B. maintain social and political order
C. respect and worship nature
D. serve the needs of religious leaders
5. Which factor most influenced a person’s
social position in early Indian societies?
A. education
B. geographic location
C. birth
D. individual achievement
• Greece
• Occurred under the rule of Pericles;
• economic growth; arts and culture
flourished
• growth of philosophy
• democratic principles and institutions
strengthened
• Islamic Caliphate
• Advances in Math (Algebra), Science,
and Medicine
• Preserved Greek, Roman, Persian
knowledge
• India
• Advances in Math (concept of zero) and
medicine
• development of Sanskrit language and
literature,
• growth of art and architecture
• Ajanta Caves
• West Africa
• Occurred under the rule of Mansa
Musa;
• spread of Islam over trade networks ;
• Wealth from gold and salt trade
• Timbuktu became a major center of
learning
• China
• Invention of gunpowder, movable type
and block printing, and Porcelain pottery
• Trade along the silk road
1. A major contribution of the Golden
Age of Islam was the:
A. Development of mercantilism
B. Creation of the first polytheistic
religion
C. Spread of democratic ideals
D. Advancement of mathematics and
sciences
2. The Tang dynasty of China, the Gupta
Empire of India, and the Mali Empire
of Africa were similar in that each
experienced a period of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Prosperity and artistic achievement
Feudalism and oppression
War and constant invasion
Mercantilism and industrial expansion