Transcript WH STAAR Review pages 1-5

STAAR
Review
World History
River Valley Civilizations
►Images:
► Fertile
Crescent-Mesopotamia
► “land between two rivers”
► Cuneiform-written language
► Pyramids of Egypt
Time Period
►Nile
River-Egypt
►Mesopotamia- Iraq, land between
two rivers: Tigris and Euphrates
►Indus River Valley- Pakistan, India;
Indus River Basin, Harappa civilized
►Yellow River Valley- China “Cradle
of Chinese Civilization”
Hammurabi
►First
to codify law
►Hammurabi’s Code
►Impacted development of the
legal system throughout the world
►“Eye for an eye”
Neolithic Revolution
Major turning point
► Shift
from hunting and gathering to
cultivation of crops and domestication of
animals
Traits of Civilization
►Government
►Religion
►Social
structure
►Writing
►Art
►Cities
Polytheism
►Belief
in many gods
Classical Era-West
► Images
► Nike-winged
victory
► Roman forum
► Rome Coliseum
► Acropolis
Time Period
►Fall
of Rome (235-476)
►Period of time that marks the
end of the classical era and the
beginning of the Middle Ages
People:
► Archimedes:
Greek mathematician
(parabola)
► Eratosthenes: Greek geographer (latitude
and longitude) circumference; pi=3.14
► Pythagoras: Greek mathematician;
Pythagorean theorem
► Humanities, Science and Math
flourished during the “Golden Age of
Greek Culture”
Big Ideas
► Monotheism:
belief in one god
► Republic: a government that elects its
leader
► Democracy: a government in which
citizens rule-usually choose leaders
through voting
Big Ideas
►Theocracy:
a government in which
a religious leader rules
►Oligarchy: a government in which
only a few or group rule (usually
the wealthy)
Classical Era-East
► Images:
► Buddha:
“Enlightened One”
► Indian Caste System
► Great Wall of China
► Sanskrit-written language
► Silk Road Trade Route
Time Period
► Mauryan
Empire: (321-232) India,
expanded under the rule of Asoka
► Gupta: (320-535) “Golden Age of Hindu
Culture”
► Zhou: (1027BC-221BC) mandate of
heaven; civil war impacts Confucius
► Qin dynasty: (221BC-206BC) Chinese
unification-Great Wall of China
►Han
Dynasty (206BC-220)
►Civil service exams
►Silk Road Trade Route
People
► Aryans:
nomadic people that settled the
Indus River Valley; developed Sanskrit
► Buddha: Siddhartha Gautama-”the
Enlightened One”; believed suffering was
caused by selfish desires
► Emperor Asoka: allowed all religions in
India; encouraged education, built roads
and expanded the Mauryan Empire
People
► Confucius:
sought to bring order to china’s
social and political life
► Tradition (worked well in the past)
► Values
► Duty
► Good deeds
► All would lead to peace and harmony
Big Ideas
► Caste
system: Indian social class system;
divided by race, wealth, and social influence
► Mandate of Heaven: China/Asia; right to
rule given by heaven
► Civil Service Exams: exams to select
candidates for imperial service (China)
Fall of the empires:
► Rome:
► Han:
► Germanic
► Peasant
invasions
► Religion-Christianity
rebellions
► Population growth
► Civil war
Political corruption
Military spending
Empire size
Outside threats
World
Religions
Judaism
► Origin:
Abraham, Israelites, Hebrews
► Ideas: Moral code of conduct
► Monotheism
► Tradition: Old testament
► Ten commandments
► Torah
► Spread: only spreads due to forced migration
(Diaspora)
Islam:
► Origin:
Mecca; Allah; Mohammed
► Ideas: pilgrimage; fasting; charity; prayer;
monotheism
► Tradition: Quran; 5 pillars; jihad
► Spread: united Arab tribes with one
language and religion; caliphs
Christianity
► Origin:
Jesus is the son of God and
Messiah. Apostles spread the word
► Ideas: forgiveness; mercy; sympathy
► Tradition: Bible-old and new testament;
“golden rule”
► Spread: spreads quickly because of
message and no strict code of rules
Hinduism
► Origin:
Aryans bring to India
► Ideas: Karma; reincarnation: polytheism
► Tradition: Ganges river and cows are
sacred
► Spread: similar to Buddhism in that it is a
way to live one’s life
Confucianism
► Origin:
Confucius; philosophy and tradition values
► Ideas: superior and inferior; obligations and
natural order
► Tradition: Mandate of Heaven; devotion to
family; filial; piety
► Spread: spreads easily because of turmoil in
China; people wanted peace and harmony
Buddhism
► Origin:
Gautama-Buddha “the Enlightened One”
► Ideas: denial of selfish desires; meditation;
reincarnation
► Tradition: no supreme being; 4 noble truths; 8fold path; sutra; nirvana
► Spreads: spreads quickly
► because it rejected the ideas
► of a caste system
Sikhism
► Origin:
develops because of interactions among
Muslims and Hindus; North India
► Ideas: monotheism; combines ideas of Islam and
Hinduism
► Tradition: meditation; equal status; moderation
► Spread: only through North India