Transcript THE EAST ASIAN WORLD

THE EAST ASIAN WORLD
CHAPTER 9
WORLD EVENTS
WHAT’S GOING ON IN THE
WORLD?
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
WORDS OF THE DAY
LEGITIMATE – P. 268
DISINTEGRATION – P. 276
EXPLOIT – P. 280
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
WARM UPS
NAME 3 ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF
THE MING DYNASTY.
WHAT WAS THE LEGAL STATUS OF
WOMEN IN CHINA?
WHY WERE GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS CONCERNED ABOUT
KABUKI THEATERS?
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
THE MING DYNASTY
STARTED 1368 AND ENDED 1644
HOW?
THE MONGOL DYNASTY WAS
OVERTHROWN
MING HONG WU – ESTABLISHED THE
MING DYNASTY
THE MING MARTIAL EMPEROR
MING EMPERORS EXTENDED CHINA’S
RULE INTO MONGOLIA AND CENTRAL
ASIA AND STRENGTHENED THE GREAT
WALL
THEY MADE PEACE WITH NOMADIC
TRIBES
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
MING RULERS –
1. EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT
2. NATIONWIDE SCHOOL SYSTEM
3. GOODS WERE PRODUCED IN HIGHER
NUMBERS
4. NEW CROPS WERE INTRODUCED INCREASING FOOD PRODUCTION
5. RENOVATED THE GRAND CANAL – MADE
SHIPPING POSSIBLE BETWEEN SOUTHERN &
NORTHERN CHINA
*THIS WAS A NEW ERA OF GREATNESS FOR
CHINA
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
THE VOYAGES OF ZHENG HE
MING HONG WU – RULED 1368 TO
1398
YONG LE – HIS SON, BECAME THE
EMPEROR
LEGITIMATE – BUILT MONUMENTS,
STRENGTHENED THE GREAT
WALL, RESTORED RULE OVER
VIETNAM
1406 STARTED CONSTRUCTION OF
THE IMPERIAL CITY IN BEIJING –
FORBIDDEN CITY – POWER &
PRESTIGE
1421 MOVED CAPITAL FROM
NANJING TO BEIJING
YONG LE DIED IN 1424 – BURIED
WITHWIFE & 16 CONCUBINES
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
BEFORE HIS DEATH YONG LE
ALLOWED FOR A SERIES OF
VOYAGES
LED BY ZHENG HE
7 VOYAGES – 1405-1433
*RESULTS:
1. MANY UNKNOWN ITEMS –
GIRAFFES
2.WORLDLY INFORMATION WERE
BROUGHT BACK
3. VOYAGES LED TO TRADE AND
HUGE PROFITS
TRADITIONAL BUREAUCRATS WHO
HELD CONFUCIAN IDEAS HAD A
PROBLEM WITH THIS
AFTER YONG LE’S DEATH, THE
VOYAGES WERE HALTED FOR GOOD
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmTtQpUZKIQ
FIRST CONTACT WITH THE WEST
MARCO POLO
1514 – PORTUGUESE
AT FIRST THE PORTUGUESE WERE WELCOME BUT AS
TIME PASSED, THEY BEGAN TO ENRAGE CHINESE
OFFICIALS
WHAT CHANGED?
THE EXCHANGE OF IDEAS – AT FIRST THE PORTUGUESE
HAD LITTLE IMPACT ON CHINESE SOCIETY
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES CAME ABOARD SOME OF THE
MERCHANT SHIPS - CLOCKS, EYEGLASSES
JESUITS
*THESE THINGS MADE THE CHINESE MORE OPEN TO
WESTERN IDEAS
EXPELLED FROM GUANGZHOU AND ALLOWED TO
OCCUPY MACAO
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
FALL OF THE MING DYNASTY
AFTER A PERIOD OF PROSPERITY
AND GROWTH, THE MING DYNASTY
WILL FALL
WHY?
1. WEAK RULERS
2. GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION
3. HIGH TAXES – PEASANT UNREST
4. CROPS DECLINED – HARSH
WEATHER
5. EPIDEMIC – REDUCED POPULATION
“THERE WERE FEW SIGNS OF HUMAN
LIFE IN THE STREETS AND ALL THAT
WAS HEARD WAS THE BUZZING OF
THE FLIES.”
6. PEASANT REVOLT – LI ZICHENG
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
SOON HE AND HIS FOLLOWERS WERE ABLE
TO TAKE BEIJING
THE LAST MING EMPEROR HUNG HIMSELF
THIS GAVE LI ZICHENG CONTROL BUT IT
ALSO
CLEARED THE WAY FOR THE MANCHUS –
FARMING & HUNTING PEOPLE – MANCHURIA
*THEY TOOK BEIJING FROM LI ZICHENG &
CREATED THE QING DYNASTY
HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
THE QING DYNASTY
1644 – 1911
CREATED BY THE MANCHUS
MEANS “PURE”
MANY RESISTED THEIR RULE
REBELS SEIZED TAIWAN
MANCHUS ORDERED ALL MEN TO ADOPT
THEIR STYLE DRESS AND HAIR
*ALL CHINESE MALES HAD TO SHAVE THEIR
FOREHEADS AND BRAID THEIR HAIR INTO A
PIGTAIL – QUEUE
IF YOU REFUSED - EXECUTED
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
MANCHUS EVENTUALLY ADOPTED
THE CHINESE POLITICAL SYSTEM
* THIS HELPED THEM SLOWLY
BECOME ACCEPTED
1. PACIFIED THE COUNTRY
2. CORRECTED SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
3. RESTORED PEACE
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
QING ADAPTATIONS
THE MANCHUS WERE ETHNICALLY AND
CULTURALLY DIFFERENT FROM THEIR
SUBJECTS
HOW DID THEY DEAL WITH THIS?
1. THEY TRIED TO PRESERVE THEIR CULTURE
WHILE INFUSING IT WITHIN CHINESE CULTURE
MILITARY UNITS – BANNERS – BANNERMEN –
PROTECTORS OF THE EMPIRE
2. *BROUGHT THE CHINESE INTO THE IMPERIAL
ADMINISTRATION – MOSTLY LOWER POSTIONS
WHY WAS THIS IMPORTANT?
???????????????????????????
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
REIGN OF KANGXI
1661-1722
*PERHAPS THE GREATEST
EMPEROR IN CHINESE
HISTORY
TOOK THRONE IN HIS TEENS &
REIGNED FOR 61 YEARS
TOLERANT OF CHRISTIANS
SOME DID NOT LIKE THE
JESUIT POLICIES
AFTER HIS DEATH – HIS
SUCCESSOR BEGAN TO
SUPPRESS CHRISTIANITY
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
WESTERNERS IN CHINA
QIANLONG – 1736 TO 1795
GREAT QING RULER
1ST SIGNS OF DECAY BEGAN TO
APPEAR IN THE DYNASTY
UNDER HIS RULE
AS HE GOT OLDER
1. CORRUPT OFFICIALS
2. HIGHER TAXES
3. POPULATION GROWTH – LAND
WHITE LOTUS REBELLION (17961804) – PEASANT REVOLT –
SUPPRESSED BUT HURT
ECONOMY – AND WEAKENED
THE DYNASTY
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
DURING THIS TIME OF DECLINE EUROPE WAS
SEEKING MORE TRADE
QING DYNASTY SOLD TRADE PRIVILEGES TO
EUROPEANS
BUT TRADE WAS CONFINED TO CERTAIN
AREAS BETWEEN OCTOBER AND MARCH
BRITISH BEGAN TO DEMAND MORE ACCESS
TO CHINESE CITIES
CHINESE MERCHANTS ALSO WANTED MORE
TRADE WITH THE EUROPEANS
QUIANLONG REJECTED THE REQUEST
9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
REVIEW QUESTIONS
IDENTIFY ZHENG HE.
DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
EUROPEANS AND THE CHINESE DURING THE
FIRST CONTACT BY WESTERN NATIONS.
WHO WAS THE FIRST WESTERN NATION TO
MAKE TRADE CONTACT WITH CHINA SINCE
MARCO POLO?
WHERE WERE EUROPEANS ALLOWED TO
TRADE? WHY?
IDENTIFY KANGXI.
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
ECONOMIC CHANGES
1500 – 1800 CHINA WAS MOSTLY
AGRICULTURAL
APPROX. 85% OF THE PEOPLE WERE
FARMERS
BUT THE ECONOMY STARTED TO CHANGE
WHY?
1. INCREASE IN POPULATION
A. LONG PERIOD OF PEACE UNDER THE
QING DYNASTY
B, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FOOD SUPPLY –
FASTER GROWING RICE FROM SE ASIA
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
PROBLEMS:
THE POPULATION INCREASE BROUGHT
ABOUT A SHORTAGE OF LAND
THE IMPERIAL COURT TRIED TO LIMIT
WEALTHY LANDOWNERS FROM
HOLDING ALL OF THE LAND
18TH CENT – ALMOST ALL LAND WAS
ALREADY BEING FARMED
THIS LED TO UNREST AND REVOLT
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
2. MANUFACTURING GREW AND THERE WAS
AN INCREASE IN TRADE
MERCHANTS & MANUFACTURERS INCREASED
TRADE IN SILK, PORCELAIN, COTTON GOODS
CHINA DID NOT DEVELOP COMMERICAL
CAPITALISM – PRIVATE BUSINESS BASED ON
PROFIT
THIS WAS EMERGING IN EUROPE
*WHAT STOPPED CHINA?
1. MIDDLE-CLASS MERCHANTS AND
MANUFACTURERS WERE NOT AS
INDEPENDENT
2. TRADE WAS CONTROLLED BY THE GOV.
3. LOOKED UPON AS INFERIOR TO FARMING
4. HEAVY TAXES ON MANUFACTURING
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
DAILY LIFE
FOR THE MOST PART STAYED THE SAME
FAMILY LIFE – BASED ON CONFUCIAN IDEALS
– BROUGHT STABILITY TO THE CHINESE
SOCIETY
CHINESE SOCIETY WAS ORGANIZED AROUND
THE FAMILY
FAMILIES –
1. PROVIDED EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN
2. SUPPORTED UNWED DAUGHTERS
3. CARED FOR THE ELDERLY
4. INDIVIDUAL FAMILY MEMBERS WERE
EXPECTED TO SACRIFICE FOR THE FAMILY
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
IDEAL FAMILY UNIT – EXTENDED FAMILY
3 TO 4 GENERATIONS
SONS BROUGHT WIVES TO LIVE IN THE
FAMILY HOME
UNWED DAUGHTERS IN HOME
PARENTS & GRANDPARENTS
ELDERLY – HELD IN HIGH REGARD
CLAN – DOZENS TO HUNDREDS OF FAMILY
MEMBERS
MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR WEALTHIER FAMILIES
TO HELP POORER RELATIVES
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
THE ROLE OF WOMEN
INFERIOR TO MEN
MALES –
1. FORMAL EDUCATION
2. GOV. JOB
WIVES –
1. COULD NOT DIVORCE
2. COULD NOT INHERIT PROPERTY
HUSBAND –
1. COULD DIVORCE WIFE IF SHE DID NOT HAVE A SON
2. HE COULD HAVE A 2ND WIFE
3. HUSBAND WAS THE FAMILY PROVIDER
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
FOOTBINDING –
BEGAN AMONG THE WEALTHY CLASS
WOMEN
LATER ADOPTED BY ALL CLASSES
STATUS SYMBOL
RESTRICTED THE MOBILITY OF WOMEN
CONSIDERED MORE MARRIAGEABLE
1/2 TO 2/3 HAD THEIR FEET BOUND
DONE DURING CHILDHOOD
PAINFUL
LILY FEET
COULD NOT WALK
NOT ALL WOMEN DID THIS
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
THE CHINESE NOVEL
THE GOLDEN LOTUS – 1ST REALISTIC SOCIAL
NOVEL
Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng
CORRUPT LIFE OF A WEALTY LANDLORD
WHO MANIPULATES OTHERS
THE DREAM OF THE RED CHAMBER
CAO XUEGIN
CHINA’S MOST DISTINGUISHED POPULAR
NOVEL
TRAGIC LOVE STORY
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
MING AND QING ART
ARCHITECTURE –
1. IMPERIAL CITY IN BEIJING
MOST OUTSTANDING EXAMPLE
OFF LIMITS TO COMMONERS
"FORBIDDEN CITY"
DECORATIVE ARTS –
1. BLUE AND WHITE PORCELAIN
--MOST FAMOUS OF ALL ARTS
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/artasia/imperial-china/mingdynasty/v/forbidden-city
9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
REVIEW QUESTIONS
NAME TWO THINGS THAT HELPED TO BRING
ABOUT POPULATION GROWTH IN CHINA.
HOW WAS COMMERCIAL CAPITALISM
DIFFERENT IN CHINA THAN IN EUROPE?
EXPLAIN THE VALUE AND IMPORTANCE OF
THE CHINESE FAMILY UNIT.
DESCRIBE THE CULTURE OF FOOTBINDING IN
CHINA.
DESCRIBE THE "FORBIDDEN CITY". WHY WAS
IT GIVEN THAT NAME?
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
THE THREE GREAT UNIFIERS
AT THE END OF THE 15TH CENTURY
JAPAN WAS IN CHAOS
THE SHOGUNATE HAD LOST ITS
POWER
HEADS OF NOBLE FAMILIES – DAIMYO CONTROLLED THEIR OWN LANDS
IT TOOK 3 GREAT LEADERS TO BRING
ABOUT A UNIFICATION PROCESS
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
1. ODA NOBUNAGA – SEIZED THE
IMPERIAL CAPITAL – KYOTO
TOOK CONTROL OF THE SHOGUNATE
BEGAN CONSOLIDATION
2. TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI –
A MILITARY COMMANDER
MOVED CAPITAL TO OSAKA
PERSUADED MOST OF THE DAIMYO ON
THE JAPANESE ISLANDS TO ACCEPT HIS
RULE
3. TOKUGAWA IEYASU – DAIMYO OF EDO
TOOK CONTROL OF JAPAN
TOOK TITLE OF SHOGUN IN 1603
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNS KEPT POWER
UNTIL 1868
TOKUGAWA RULE BROUGHT ABOUT A
LONG PERIOD OF PEACE – GREAT PEACE
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
EUROPEANS IN JAPAN
DURING THE UNIFICATION THE 1ST
EUROPEANS ARRIVED
PORTUGEUSE TRADERS – 1543
TRADE BECAME REGULAR FOR
THEM
AT FIRST THEY WERE WELCOME
DAIMYO LIKED THE TOBACCO,
CLOCKS, GLASSES, & *FIRE ARMS*
FRANCIS XAVIER – 1ST JESUIT
MISSIONARY – 1549
CONVERTED SEVERAL LOCAL
DAIMYO
END OF 16TH CENT. THOUSANDS
HAD BECOME CHRISTIANS
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
*THE JESUIT DESTRUCTION OF
SHRINES CAUSED A PROBLEM
1587 HIDEYOSHI ISSUED AN EDICT
PROHIBITING CHRISTIAN ACTIVITIES
WITHIN HIS LANDS
THIS WAS NOT STRICTLY ENFORCED
TOKUGAWA IEYASU EXPELLED ALL
MISSIONARIES & PERSECUTED
JAPANESE CHRISTIANS
EUROPEAN MERCHANTS WERE PUT
OUT NEXT – NAGASAKI HARBOR
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
TOKUGAWA RULE
TOKUGAWA RULERS WANTED TO TAKE
CONTROL OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM IN JAPAN
JAPAN WAS DIVIDED INTO ABOUT 250
TERRITORIES – HANS
RULED BY DAIMYO
DAIMYOS WERE RULED BY THE SHOGUN –
HOSTAGE SYSTEM
THE DAIMYO HAD TO MAINTAIN TWO
RESIDENCES
HIS FAMILY WAS FORCED TO STAY AT THE
RESIDENCE LOCATED AT THE COURT OF THE
SHOGUN
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGE
UNDER TOKUGAWA RULE TRADE AND INDUSTRY
BEGAN TO FLOURISH
*EDO, KYOTO, & OSAKA
EX. – EDO: ONE OF THE LARGEST CITIES IN THE
WORLD
BANKING SYSTEM FLOURISHED
PAPER MONEY – NORMAL FORM OF EXCHANGE
MERCHANT CLASS ROSE AND PLAYED AN
IMPORTANT ROLE IN SOCIETY
SMALL FARMERS – SOME EXPLOITED CASH CROPS
MOST PEASANTS – DECLINE IN PROFITS, RISING
COSTS, HIGH TAXES
APPROX. 7000 PEASANT REVOLTS
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
THE CLASS SYSTEM
UNDER TOKUGAWA RULE THE CLASS
SYSTEM BECAME RIGID
ESTABLISHED STRICT LEGAL DISTINCTIONS
AMONG THE 4 MAIN CLASSES
1. WARRIORS
2. PEASANTS
3. ARTISANS
4. MERCHANTS
INTERMARRIAGE BETWEEN THE CLASSES
WAS FORBIDDEN
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
1. EMPEROR AND COURT FAMILIES – TOP
2. WARRIOR
SHOGUN - SUMPREME RULER
DAIMYO - LANDOWNERS, MILITARY SERVICE
SAMURAI - ADVISORS, CASTLE GUARDS
RONIN - WARIORS WITHOUT MASTERS
3. FARMERS (PEASANTS) – PRIVILEGED
POSITION - PRODUCED RICE - BUT POOR
4. ARTISAN - CRAFTS PEOPLE
5. MERCHANTS – DISTRIBUTED FOOD AND
GOODS –
WHY ARE MERCHANTS AT THE BOTTOM?
THEY PROFITED FROM THE LABOR OF
OTHERS
6. ETA - OUTCASTS
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
THE ROLE OF WOMEN
RESTRICTED
PARENTS ARRANGED MARRIAGES
A HUSBAND COULD DIVORCE IF THE
WIFE DID NOT MEET THE NEEDS OF
THE FAMILY
WORKED IN AND OUT OF THE HOME
WOMEN WERE GENERALLY VALUED
FOR THEIR ROLE AS HOMEMAKERS
AND CHILDBEARERS
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
LITERATURE
WAS WRITTEN FOR AND
BY THE TOWNSPEOPLE
IHARA SAIKAKU – BEST
EXAMPLE OF NEW
URBAN FICTION IN THE
17TH CENT.
FIVE WOMEN WHO
LOVED LOVE
GREATEST OF ALL
JAPANESE POETS MATSUO BASHO
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
THEATER AND ART
THEATER
KABUKI – JAPANESE DRAMA
*EMPHASIZED ACTION, MUSIC, DRAMATIC GESTURES
THE EARLY DRAMAS DEALT WITH TEAHOUSES AND
DANCE HALLS
GOV. OFFICIALS FEARED THIS WOULD CORRUPT THE
NATION’S MORALS
*FORBADE WOMEN TO APPEAR ON STAGE – NEW
PROFESSIONAL CLASS OF MEN
ART
RESIDENCES OF THE DAIMYO
ART – JAPANESE POTTERY MAKERS BORROWED
TECHNIQUES AND DESIGNS FROM KOREA TO CREATE
CERAMICS.
JAPANESE STUDIED WESTERN MEDICINE,
ASTRONOMY, LANGUAGE, AND PAINTING STYLES
http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/11/13/video-presidentobama-kabuki-theater/
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
KOREA: THE HERMIT KINGDOM
YI DYNASTY IN KOREA REMAINED IN POWER
DURING THE ENTIRE TOKUGAWA ERA IN
JAPAN
KOREAN RULERS TRIED TO KEEP THE
COUNTRY ISOLATED FROM THE OUTSIDE
WORLD – “HERMIT KINGDOM”
TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI LED A JAPANESE
FORCE THAT INVADED KOREA IN THE LATE
16TH CENT.
ALTHOUGH THE JAPANESE WERE DEFEATED,
THE YI DYNASTY WAS WEAKENED
*1630S THE MANCHU ARMY INVADED
NORTHERN KOREA AND FORCED THE YI
DYNASTY UNDER CHINESE RULE
9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND
KOREA
REVIEW QUESTIONS
NAME THE THREE GREAT UNIFIERS IN JAPAN.
WHY WERE EUROPEAN MISSIONARIES
EXPELLED FROM JAPAN?
IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE CLASS SYSTEM
IN JAPAN.
WHAT WAS KABUKI? HOW DID THE
GOVERNMENT BECOME INVOLVED WITH
THIS?
WHY WAS KOREA CALLED THE "HERMIT
KINGDOM"?