Transcript Ancient China

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China’s Geography
 Read Chapter 4, Section 1
 Answer the questions on the worksheet
 Record 3 key facts from each section in your notes
 Physical Settings-Different Regions
 The rivers of China
 China’s isolation
 Due Tomorrow
China’s Geography
 All types of geographic
features
 ‘China’ has changed a lot
over the years
 Three main rivers
 Huang or Yellow(China’s
Sorrow)
 Yangtze or Chang
 Xi in the south
 Strong sense of culture,
isolated from most
outsiders
Shang Dynasty-1750 BC-1050 BC
 First people in roughly 10,000 BC
 Xia people first settle by the Yellow river in 3,000 BC
 Shang invade the region, start first dynasty
 3 groups
 Government/Culture
 Religion
 Language and Writing
Shang
 Created a Bureaucracy- a
government organized
into different levels and
tasks
 Economy
 Agriculture- Rice and
Millet, pigs, horses,
 Some merchants and
artisans
Shang Calendar
 Was created one of two ways
 1. Based on the sun
 2. Based on the movements of the moon. This was
mainly used for special occasions such as birthdays and
deaths.
Religion
 Animism- the belief that
spirits inhabit everything
 Gods of wind, sun, clouds,
and man
 Shangdi- A great god who
controlled human destiny
and the forces of nature
 Oracle Bones- The
shoulder of cattle or
tortoise shells used for
writing on
Fall of the Shang
 People came to the region mainly because they were
attracted to the wealth.
 The Zhou formed Alliances with other local tribes
 They said that the Shang were corrupt and unfit to rule
Zhou Dynasty 1050 BC- 256 BC
 No centralized government
 Gave territory to members
of the royal family to
control
 Feudalism-loyalty-military
service to kings for land
 By 771 BC they are forced
move
 Begins the Late Spring and
Autumn Period and
Warring States Period of
Chinese History
 Established the ‘Mandate
of Heaven’
 Four principles to the Mandate:
 The right to rule is granted by
Heaven.
 There is only one Heaven therefore
there can be only one ruler.
 The right to rule is based on the
virtue of the ruler.
 The right to rule is not limited to
one dynasty.
Mandate of Heaven
 Here are some of the ways these
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this idea impacted China
It gives the ruler prestige and
religious importance.
It gives the ruler supreme power.
It allows a new ruler to gain
power quickly if the people
believe he has the 'Mandate of
Heaven'.
A ruler's power must be kept in
check by virtue.
The Mandate of Heaven justifies
rebellion as long as the rebellion
is successful.
 Floods, riots, and other disasters
might be signs that the ancestor
spirits were displeased with the
King’s rule.
 Leads to a long history of
government overthrow and
change
Late Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States
Period of Chinese History
Zhou Dynasty Achievements
 - origin of Chinese philosophy developed
to deal with political and social changes
(Confucianism,Daoism,Legalism)
 - compass invented sometime between
480 - 221 B.C.
 - kite - the oldest type of aircraft was
invented during the 4th or 5th century
 - lasted longer than any other dynasty in
Chinese history
 - developed China's first projects
involving hydraulic engineering
 - perfection of bronze casting
 - use of gold and silver inlays in objects
 - use of iron in developing iron casting
for tools and weapons was introduced
 - developed technology for irrigation,
drainage, waterways, canals, dikes, and
dams
 - used dyed yarns and materials like silk
and linen
 - produced glass
 - refined the calendar
 - studied and recorded astronomy and
astronomical events
 - created the first geographical maps
 - discovered magnetism
 - advancements in mathematics,
including basic arithmetic, fractions,
geometry, trigonometry, and
calculations
 - use of fertilizers and pesticides
Assignment
 Read Chapter 4, section
4
 Fill out the worksheet
 Record 3 keys facts, for
both, Confucianism and
Daoism
 Due Friday, Jan. 31
Confucius
 Born poor and vowed to end
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suffering and bring peace,
Political
Pushed education as the
meaning of life
“noble deeds, not noble birth
bestowed honor”
Family, Elders, Ancestors
Civic Duty, Virtuous leaders
Lao Tzu
 Began Taoism
 Taught about living in
harmony with nature
 Tao=the way
 Emphasizes non-action
 No concern for wealth or
material world
The Art of War
 Most important book of
 "the best policy is to
military strategy
 Written by Sun Tzu in
the 5th century BC
 “know your enemies and
know yourself”
 Sun Tzu considered war
as a necessary evil that
must be avoided
whenever possible.
capture the state intact;
it should be destroyed
only if no other options
are available“.
 Win without fighting
 Avoid strengths, attack
weakness
 Deception and
Foreknowledge
Qin Dynasty 221 BC-206 BC
 Qin Shih Huang di
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Mean “first emperor”
Expanded Territory
Victories doubled the
size of China
Against Confucius and
Lao Tzu’s Philosophies
Also had feudalism
Qin Dynasty
 Qin Shi Huang di
quickly put down any
revolts against him
 Ordered all Noble
families to live at the
capital city, so he could
watch over them
 Murdered 100’s of
Confucian scholars and
ordered useless books to
be burned.
Qin and Legalism
 A highly efficient and powerful government is the key
to maintaining social order
 Autocracy-Absolute power of one (emperor)
 Rewards and Punishments are useful to maintain
social order(people are selfish and untrustworthy)
 Thinkers and their ideas should be strictly controlled
by the governments
Qin Dynasty
 Forced peasants to work
on roads, walls, public
works against their will
 Set uniform standards,
writing, laws, currency
and measurements
 This allowed for trade to
blossom
Great Wall of China
 14,000 miles long
 From the Yellow Sea in
the East to the Gobi
Desert in the West
 Enemies would have to
travel ½ way to Tibet
 Many died while working
on the wall
Terracotta Army
 Died in 210 B.C
 Created the Terracotta
army to protect him in
the afterlife
 Discovered in 1974
Fall of the Qin
 After Qin Shi Huang di died in 210 B.C. his son took
over, and proved to be a weak leader.
 Peasants rebelled just three years after the second Qin
Emperor took office
 One of the leaders, a peasant from the land of Han,
Marched his troops into the capital city
 The harsh Qin Dynasty gave way to the Han Dynasty
HAN Dynasty 206 BC-220 AD
 Liu Bang (Born a peasant) overthrows Qin
 Liu Bang won and declared himself the first emperor
of the Han Dynasty
 Strong Centralized government-Civil Service Reforms
 He did however, lower taxes and softened harsh
punishments
 China became a Confucian state
Silk Road
 Connected China to Western Europe
 Traded goods such as silk, spices, gold, and silver
 Caused cultural diffusion
 Learned about foods, animals, and fashions that were
common in foreign lands