Transcript Class 1 - Overview - West Side Church of Christ

The Intertestamental
Period: From Babylon
To The Birth Of Christ
Overview
Intertestamental Period
Week
Date
Topic
1
05 Mar 14 Overview
2
12 Mar 14 Babylonian Period (605-539 BC)
3
19 Mar 14 Persian Period (539-332 BC)
4
26 Mar 14 Greek Period (332-323 BC)
5
02 Apr 14 Ptolemaic (323-198 BC)
6
09 Apr 14 Syrian (198-168 BC)
7
16 Apr 14 Maccabean Part 1 (168-153 BC)
8
23 Apr 14 Maccabean Part 2 (153-139 BC)
9
30 Apr 14 Independence (139-63 BC)
10
07 May 14 Rome Intervenes (63 – 37 BC)
11
14 May 14 Herod (37 BC – 4 BC)
12
21 May 14 The IT Period and Christianity (4 BC – 70 AD)
13
28 May 14 Review
Today’s Objectives
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Review the lesson plan
Review references
Review overall study objectives
Learn why understanding the
Intertestamental (IT) Period is critical to
understanding New Testament (NT) text
• Learn about the extent of the Old
Testament (OT) Canon
• Study highlights
Overall Course Objectives
• Better understanding of the connection
between the Old Testament (OT) and the
New Testament (NT)
• Learn about the political, social, economic,
cultural, and religious issues during the IT
period and its’ influence upon Israel,
Judaism, and Christianity
• Learn about various nations that ruled over
Judea
• Learn about religious/political parties
existing within Judaism
Reference Material
• KJV (w/ Apocrypha)
– 1st and 2nd Maccabbees
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Josephus – The Complete Works
Herodotus – The History
Intertestamental History – Mark Moore
Ancient Rome – Simon Baker
Harding University – BNEW 112 Course
Notes – Dr. Thompson
Content and Extent of the Old
Testament Canon
• The word “canon” is from a Greek word
that means a “rule” or “standard”
• Revealed truth
• Luke 24:44 – teachings of Christ
• Luke 11:50-51 – more teachings of Christ
• Law of Moses, Prophets, and Psalms
• Even Judas Maccabaeus knew
• 1546 Council of Trent
Book of Daniel and the
Intertestamental Period
• God’s providence in history (1:1-6:28)
– Nebuchadnezzar’s demise (5:1-31)
• God’s purpose in history (7:1-12:13)
– Daniels dream of the four bests (Babylon,
Persia, Greece, Rome in 7:1-28)
– Prophecy of the Intertestamental Period
– Details of nations and leaders
– Describes the end times of the Jewish people
and rise of the Christian age
New Testament Connection
• The destruction of the temple foretold
(Matt 24:1-3)
• The sign when things would soon occur
(Matt 24:4-28)
• The tribulation and events immediately
after (Matt 24:29-35)
• The need to be prepared and productive
(Matt 24:36-51)
• Fullfillment of Daniel 12
Daniel 11:31
“His armed forces will rise up to desecrate the temple
fortress and will abolish the daily sacrifice. Then they will
set up the abomination that causes desolation.”
Matthew 24:15
“So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the
abomination that causes desolation,’[a] spoken of through
the prophet Daniel—let the reader understand—”
Matthew 24:34
“Truly I tell you, this generation will certainly not pass away
until all these things have happened.”
Old
Covenant
Church Age
Symbolic 1000 years
Eternity
Begin with the end...70 A.D.
“Now the number of those that were
carried captive during this whole war was
collected to be ninety-seven thousand; as
was the number of those that perished
during the whole siege: one million and
one hundred thousand” Josephus, Wars of
the Jews, VI 9.3, 75 A.D.
Rulers of Judea
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Babylonian
Persian
Greek
Ptolemaic
Syrian
Maccabean
Independence
Rome
Babylonian
• 612 BC – Babylon captures the Assyrian capital
of Nineveh
• 605 BC – Nebuchadnezzar reigns over the
Babylonian empire and begins Jewish
deportation to Babylon
• 604 BC – Nebuchadnezzar’s dream – Daniel 2
– Inferior kingdom will replace Babylon
– A third kingdom will rise, of bronze
– A fourth kingdom will rise, of iron
• Prophets are Habakkuk, Ezekiel, Daniel
• 539 BC - Persia, under Cyrus, captures Babylon
Persian
• 538-537 BC – Cyrus decrees return of the Jews
from captivity (Ezra 1:1-4)
• 536 BC – 70 year captivity ends (Ezra 1:5-11),
temple construction begins
• 516 BC – 2nd temple completed in Jerusalem
• Haggai, Zechariah, Ezra, Nehemiah, Malachi,
Esther
• 480 BC - Greek victories over Persia (Dan 11:2)
• 331 BC – Alexander gains complete control of
the Persian empire
Greek
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331-324 BC – Extension of Greek territory
Extends into Asia
323 BC – Alexander dies
316 BC – Ptolemaic and Seleucid dynasties
(Dan 11:4)
• 300 BC – Greek empire divided between four
Generals (Dan 8:5-8, 11:3-4)
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–
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Cassander
Lysimachus
Sleucus
Ptolemy
Ptolemaic and Seleucid
• 280 BC (prophecy in Dan 11)
• Seleucids
– Babylonia
– Asia Minor
– Northern Syria
• Ptolemaic
– Southern Syria
– Egypt
• 260 BC – Rome controls all of Italy
• 250 BC – Greek translation of OT begins
Maccabean/Independence
• 198 BC – Ptolemies lose control of Palestine to
the Seleucids
• 175 BC - Antiochus IV Epiphanies seizes the
Seleucid throne
• Antiochus IV punishes Jerusalem for their
rebellion
• 167-143 BC - Maccabean revolt
• 164 BC – Temple retaken and cleansed
• 150 BC – Rome destroys Carthage
• 142 BC – Judea gains political independence
• 130 BC – Dead Sea Scrolls
• 66 BC – Rome occupies Jerusalem
Roman
• 63-40 BC – High Priest is under Roman Control
• 44 BC – Caesar assassinated
• 37-4 BC – Herod the Great is king over Judea
(Roman control)
• 19 BC – Construction of Herod’s temple
• 4 BC – Birth of Christ and death of Herod
• 6 AD – Judea becomes a Roman province
• 28 AD – Pontius Pilate appointed procurator of
Judea
• 30 AD – Christ is crucified, birth of the church
• 66-73 AD – Jewish revolt against Rome,
destruction of Jerusalem, end of Judaism
The IT period and Christianity
• Roots of many Judean political and religious
movements impacting Christian thought
• Many of Jesus’ teachings can find origin in the IT
period
• Intricately linked to Jewish religion and society of
the IT period
• Impact of Hellenism on first century Christians
• Earliest interpretations of OT literature began in
the IT period
• Answers questions not readily available in OT
literature
Today’s Objectives
•
•
•
•
Reviewed the lesson plan
Reviewed references
Reviewed overall study objectives
Learned why understanding the
Intertestamental (IT) Period is critical to
understanding New Testament (NT) text
• Learned about the extent of the Old
Testament (OT) Canon
• Provided study highlights
• Next week – Babylonian Empire