Transcript Test 2 Review

Test 2 Review
The Greeks
• Athens at its Height
– Strategos
– Pericles
– “Showplace of Greece”
• Greek Drama
– Aeschylus
• The Persians
• The Orestia
– Sophocles
• Antigone
• Oedipus the King
• Oedipus at Colonus
– Euripides
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Medea
Trojan Women
Heracles
Impact on Rome
• Pre-Socratic Philosophy
– Thales of Miletus
• Natural Phenomena
– Hippocrates
• “The Father of Medicine”
– Sophists
• Protagoras
• “Man is the Measure of All
things”
• Relativism
The Greeks
• Socrates
– Socratic Method of Questioning
– Precise definition of words
– Ethics
• Plato
– The Academy
– Doctrine of Ideas
– Republic
• Aristotle
– Lyceum
– Rational ordering of sensory
experience
– Nicomachean Ethics
– Politics
• The Delian League
– Athens
– Imperialistic
– Corinth
• The Peloponnesian Wars
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Siege of Athens
Invasion of Syracuse
Persian Aid
Athens Defeated
• Macedon
– Phillip II
– Battle of Chaeronea
– League of Corinth
The Greeks
• Alexander the Great
– Aristotle
– Darius III
– Greece to India
• Alexander’s Legacy
– Egyptian Empire (Ptolemaic)
– Persian Empire (Seleucid)
– Macedonian Empire
(Antigonid)
– Kingdom of Pergamum
• Mystery Religions
• Philosophy
– Skepticism
– Cynicism
– Epicureanism
• Epicurus of Athens
• pursuit of pleasure –
ataraxia
– Stoicism
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Zeno
Stoa
Brotherhood of man
Logos
Influence the Romans
The Greeks
• Astronomy
– Aristarchus of Samos
• earth revolved around the
sun
– Ptolemy of Alexandria
• all Heavenly bodies revolve
around the earth
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Mathematics
– Euclid
– Elements of Geometry
• Geography
– Eratosthenes of Alexandria
• circumference of the earth
• Medicine
– Herophilus of Chalcedon
• Anatomy
• The Brain
• The Pulse
– Erasistratus
• valves of the heart
• motor and sensory nerves
• Physics
– Archimedes of Syracuse
• law of floating bodies
(specific gravity)
• lever, the pulley, and the
screw
Other Empires & Early Rome
• Carthage
– Phoenician Colony
– Expansion
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Morocco to Egypt
Sardinia
Sicily
Iberian Peninsula
• Etruscans
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Arrival 800-750 BC
Northern Italy
Greek Influence
Carthaginian Alliance
Romans and Samnites
• Early Romans
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Romulus and Remus
Etruscan influence
Rebellion
Struggle of Orders
• Expansion
– Etruscans
– Samnite Wars
• Military reorganization
– Greek Colonies
Early Republic
• 1st Punic War
– Sicily
• 2nd Punic War
– Hannibal
– Scipio Africanus
– Battle of Zama
• 3rd Punic War
– Cato the Elder
– Scipio Amelianus
• Maccabean Revolt
– Hasmonean
– Judah Maccabee
– Seleucid Empire
• Religion
– Greek Influence
– Politics
• Philosophy
– Lucretius
• On the Nature of Things
• Epicureanism
• Cicero
– “Father of Roman Eloquence”
– Stoicism
• The Gracchi
– Tiberius Gracchus
• Public land to the poor
– Gaius Gracchus
• Cheap grain
• Colonies
• Citizenship rights
The Republic
• Marius
– Land for Veterans
• Sulla
– Civil War
– Dictator for Life
– Constitution
• Pompey
– Military
• Crassus
– Money
• Julius Caesar
– Alliance
– Gaul
• First Triumvirate
• Caesar's Civil War
• Egypt
– Cleopatra
• Brutus & Cassius
– Caesar's death
• Octavian Caesar
– Julius Caesar’s Adopted son
• Mark Anthony
– Julius Caesar’s second in
command
• Marcus Lepidus
– Julius Caesar’s monetary backer
• Second Triumvirate
• “Liberators‘” civil war
Birth of the Empire
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Anthony & Cleopatra
Propaganda campaign
Battle of Actium
Octavian’s titles
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Augustus
Imperator
Princeps
Pontifex Maximus
• Pax Romana
• Virgil
– The Aeneid
• Livy
– Ab Urbe Condita
• Christianity
– Jesus of Nazareth
– Spiritual Kingdom, not
Earthly one
– Jesus Crucified
• followers claim
resurrection
– Paul of Tarsus
– Appeal
Early Empire
• Julio-Claudians
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Augustus
Tiberius
Caligula
Claudius
Nero
• Government
– Mixed titles
• Flavians
– Vespansian
– Titus
– Domitian
• Government
– More Imperator, Less
Princeps
– Monarchy in all but
name
The Empire
• Antonine Dynasty
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Nerva
Trajan
Hadrian
Antonius Pius
Marcus Aurelius
• Meditations
• Government
– “Office of Principate”
– Expansion to Defense
• Five Good Emperors
– “Golden Age” of the
Empire
The Empire
• Antonine Dynasty
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Nerva
Trajan
Hadrian
Antonius Pius
Marcus Aurelius
• Meditations
– Commodus
• Government
– “Office of Principate”
– Expansion to Defense
• Five Good Emperors
– (Excludes Commodus)
– “Golden Age” of the
Empire
• Severan Dynasty
– Military Dictators
• Age of the Barracks
Emperors
• Barbarian & Sassanid
Invasions
Late Empire
• Diocletian
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Division of the Empire
The Tetrarchy
2 Augustus
2 Caesar
Economic Reforms
• Constantine
– Edit Of Milan
– Constantinople
– Ties to Church
• Early Church
– Ekklesia
– Bishops
• Monasticism
– Eremitical
– Coenobitic
• Trinitarianism Vs.
Arianism
• Council of Nicaea
– Nicene Creed
Review
• Church Fathers
– Jerome – Vulgate
– Augustine
• Confessions
• City of God
• Visigoths
– Fritigern v. Valens
– Battle of Adrianople
– Sacking of Rome (410)
• Alric I
• Eastern Roman Empire
> Byzantine Empire
• Theodosius
– Christianity Official
Religion
– Empire Splits
• Patriarchs & Pope
– Petrine Doctrine
– Papal Primacy
Review
• The Hun Empire
– Attilla the Hun
• Pope Leo I “The Great”
• Vandals Sack Rome
(455)
– Genseric
• Western Empire Ends
– Romulus Augustus
– Odovacar (Odoacer)
• “King of Italy”
• Medieval Europe
– Middle Ages
– “Dark Ages”