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Topic: From Human Pre-History to Early Civilization Do Now: What was the greatest achievement of Paleolithic Man? Where did humans originate? Emergence of humanlike species, initially were found in eastern Africa Remains of humans have been found in Java as old as 775, 000 years old Java Man -Homo (human) Erectus (upright)1.5 million BC300,000 years ago -Tools made chipped from stone, flint 500,000 years ago Homo Erectus developed the ability to control fire · Expanded diet · Housing · Protection · Location · Religion · Health The greatest achievement of Homo Erectus was the spread in Africa, Asia, and Europe reaching population size of 1.5 million 100,000 years ago Why did Early Human Species Move? Almost all early humans were migratory, their housing and their life remnants suggest this. –Each small band which usually consisted of a family or two used a huge area and there is evidence of territorialism within their lands. As physical development continued through the period of the ice age, it is obvious that the key to humanity has been several things: Dominance over animals Understanding of requirements necessary to cohabitate with environment Development of Fire Development of Animal and Plant domestication techniques Families, Clans, and Tribes Hominids organized in social groups Chose sexual partners and formed emotional bonds Family units Family units clustered and formed clans Bands and tribes Foraging Hunters and gatherers who lived off the land Clans and tribes had cheifs and leaders Teamwork for hunting Buried the dead Gender division regarding labor and leadership More than 10,000 years ago early inhabitants of the Americas, known as PaleoIndians, hunted large mammals such as bison, mammoth, and mastodon. The hunting of such large prey was a late development in human prehistory, as it required sophisticated stone weaponry and a kind of planning and coordination possible only with an elaborate system of communication, such as language. This diorama from the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City depicts Mesoamerican Paleo-Indians killing a mastodon. What phenomenon (s) allowed humans to manipulate the environment to greater degree than they ever had before? Agriculture and Pastoralism What were the effects of agriculture and pastoralism? -Permanent settlement -Increased Populations -Domestication of animals -Disease -Job specialization -Technology increased (Bronze Age 3000 B.C.E.) The “Out of Africa” thesis A- argues that modern humans appeared throughout the world at the same rate B- proposes that modern humans emerged in Africa C- submits that only Neanderthal emerged in Africa D- argues that crops were first cultivated in Africa E- proposes that onl the most primative human behavior originated in Africa