Transcript History lecture 1

Norwegian history I
Europe
Prehistoric Norway
10 000 BC
4000 BC
1800 BC
500 BC
200 AC
500 AC
Migration into Scandinavia
Agriculture
Bronze
Iron
Runes
Seagoing ships
Prehistoric Norway
10 000 BC
4000 BC
1800 BC
500 BC
200 AC
500 AC
Migration into Scandinavia
Agriculture
Bronze
Iron
Runes
Seagoing ships
Pre-national institutions
• Ting
• Law
• Religion
”Pre-national” institutions
• The ting
• The law
• Religion
The Oseberg ship
The viking campaigns 793-1066
Viking age legacy
• Political unification and religious reform
• National kingdom: Harald Fairhair 872
• Missionary kings: Håkon the Good, Olav
Trygvason, Olav the Holy 1030
The slow formation of the medieval
state 1030-1300
• Monarchy and church develop as institutions
• The conflict between monarchy and church.
Civil wars 1130-1240
• The impact of christianity
• The western colonies
• King Sverre versus Rome
• ”The golden age”
The slow formation of the medieval
state 1030-1300
• Monarchy and church develop as institutions
• The conflict between king and church. Civil
wars 1130-1240
• The impact of christianity
• The western colonies
• King Sverre versus Rome
• ”The golden age”
The slow formation of the medieval
state 1030-1300
• Monarchy and church develop as institutions
• The conflict between monarchy and church.
Civil wars 1130-1240
• The impact of christianity
• The western colonies
• King Sverre versus Rome
• ”The golden age”
Monarch versus archbishop
Sverre
Eystein
The slow formation of the medieval
state 1030-1300
• Monarchy and church develop as institutions
• The conflict between monarchy and church.
Civil wars 1130-1240
• The impact of christianity
• The western colonies
• King Sverre versus Rome
• ”The golden age”
National disintegration in the late
Middle Ages
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Fall of the royal dynasty 1319
The Hanseatic League
The Black Plague 1349
Lutheran reformation 1537
National disintegration in the late
Middle Ages
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Fall of the royal dynasty
The Hanseatic League
The Black Plague
Lutheran reformation
National disintegration in the late
Middle Ages
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Fall of the royal dynasty
The Hanseatic League
The Black Plague
Lutheran reformation
Under Danish rule
• ”Danification” of the Norwegian elite: Danish
fiefholders and Danish priests.
• Peasant freedom: Protected by topography
• The cultural divide: Danish center versus
Norwegian periphery
• Norwegian mentality
The wars with Sweden
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The Seven Years War 1563-70
The Kalmar War 1611-13
The Hannibal Feud 1643-45
The Revenge War 1657-60
The Great Nordic War 1700-21
Royal autocracy 1660-1814
• The feudal lords deprived of their privileges.
All power derived from the king
• Administrative reform: Fief system replaced by
professional bureaucracy upheld by the king.
• ”The twin kingdoms”
Norwegian economy under Denmark
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Fish export
Timber trade and sawmill industry
Mining industry
Shipping
After The Great Nordic War: Growing
commercial activity and urban development.
Commercial boom prior to The Napoleonic
wars.
Population development
Year
1300
1355
1660
1801
population
450 000
225 000
440 000
883 553
Danish cultural influence
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The Bible translated to Danish
Danish was the written language
All higher education in Danish
Two cultures: Norwegian for ordinary people.
Danish for the elite.
Danish cultural influence
•
•
•
•
The Bible translated to Danish
Danish was the written language
All higher education in Danish
Two cultures: Norwegian for ordinary people.
Danish for the elite.