Transcript CST10.4_per01_sem01x

GHCHS, World History, Period 1.
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of
New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or
countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America,
and the Philippines.
Julia Worcester
Nicole Briceno
Natalie Vargas
Justin Brady
Zack Kalvin
AFRICA
Vocabulary Ch 11 Sec 1 pg 339-344
 Imperialism- the seizure of a country or territory by a
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stronger country
Racism- the belief that one race is superior to others
Social Darwinism- the application of Charles Darwin’s ideas
about evolution and “survival of the fittest” to human
societies, particularly as justification for imperial expansion
Berlin Conference- at which representatives of European
nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of
Africa
Shaka- a Zulu chief that created a large centralized state
Boers- a Dutch colonist of south Africa
Boer War- a conflict lasting from 1899 to 1902 in which the
Boers and the British fought for control of territory in south
Africa
 Many nations looked to Africa
as a source of raw materials and
as a market for industrial
projects
 Stronger communities began to
dominate the political,
economic, and social life of the
weaker countries
 African armies were able to
keep the Europeans out of
Africa for almost 400 years
Forces driving imperialism Ch 11 Sec 1
pg 340.
The industrial Revolution provided European
countries with a reason to add lands to their
control
The race for colonies grew out of a sense of
national pride
Europeans believed they were responsible to
bring the results of their progress to other
countries
 The maxim gun was the world first
automatic machine gun and most European
countries quickly acquired it while Africa's
were relying on outdated weapons
• A Zulu chief, creates centralized state
around
1816
• In1887 British defeat Zulus and gain
control of Zulu nation
• Boers, or Dutch farmers, take
Africans’ land,
establish large farms
• Boers clash with British over land,
slaves
and they more north to escape the
British
• Begins in 1899 and is between Britain
and Boers
• British win, in 1910 Boer republics
united in
Union of South Africa
(Picture: Boer soldiers)
SOUTH EAST ASIA
Pacific Rim
• The countries that border the Pacific Ocean
• Western nations desired the Pacific Rim lands
for their strategic location along the sea route to
China.
• Westerners recognized the value of the Pacific
colonies as sources of tropical agriculture,
minerals, and oil.
• European powers appreciated the value of the
area, they challenged each other for their own
parts of the prize.
Malaysia
 Malaysia had large deposits of tin and became the worlds
leading rubber exporter.
 Needing workers to mine the tin and rubber tap trees,
Britain encouraged Chinese to migrate to Malaysia.
 The Malays became a minority in their own country due to
China’s migration.
Colonial Impact
 In Southeast Asia, colonization brought mixed results.
 Economies grew based on cash crops or goods that could be
sold on the world market.
 Roads, harbors, and rail systems improved communication
and transportation.
 However, education, health, and sanitation did improve.
Religion
 Unlike other colonial areas, millions of people from the other
areas of Asia and the world migrated to work on plantations
and in the mines of Southeast Asia.
 The region became a melting pot of Hindus, Muslims,
Christians, and Buddhists.
 The resulting cultural changes often led to racial and religion
clashes.
Siam
 Siam (present-day Thailand) maintained its
independence during the colonial period.
 Siam lay between British-controlled Bruma
and French Indochina.
 France and Britain each aimed to prevent
the other from gaining control of Siam.
 Siamese kings skillfully promoted Siam as a
neutral zone between the two powers.
CHINA
-Chinese were very high self esteemed.
-Spanish and Portuguese traders brought
-maize
-sweet potatoes
-peanuts from Americas
- helped increase the productivity of China’s land
-fed its huge population
- Extensive mining and manufacturing industries.
Colonial Rule
-Dowager Empress Cixi held the reins of power in China from
1862-1908.
-sphere of influence- an area in which the foreign nation
controlled trade and investment.
Rise of Industrial economies pg 371
-Chinese looked down on all foreigners
-Englishmen brought gifts of West’s most advanced
technology
-clocks
-globes
-musical instruments
- hot air balloon
-not interested in getting influenced form the West
-China had a had a healthy agricultural economy.
-rice from South East Asia
largely self-sufficient
-U.S. and China were trading partners
-worried that other nations would soon divide China into formal
colonies
 to prevent, U.s declared Open Door Policy- China’s doors were to
be open to merchants of all nations.
-Protection freed China from colonization
-campaign against the Dowager Empress’s rule and foreigner
privilege was called Boxer Rebellion.
Independence Struggles
Growing Internal problems
-Foreigners
-Large Population
-Number of Chinese grew to 430 million by 1850
(Taiping Force surrounds and destroys an enemy village)
(A gang of boxers attacks Chinese Christians.)
INDIA
British Imperialism in India
British economic interest in India began in the
1600. A British East India Company set up
post in Bombay and became the leading
trading power in India.
India is the second most populated nation in
the world and adopted some of its modern
political institutions from the British.
British Expand Control over India
 East India Company controlled most of India and eventually governed
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directly or indirectly most of southern India and part of the north.
India was Britain’s major supplier of raw materials for their industrial
workshops which is why the British considered India “jewel in the
crown”.
The British restricted Indian economy from operating on it’s own.
British transport trade goods – India became increasingly valuable to the
British due to their railroad which helped them transport goods.
Impact of Colonialism – India benefited and was also harmed by British
colonialism.
 On the negative side the British held much of the political and economic
power and threatened traditional Indian life.
 On the positive side the British had installed the 3rd larges railway which
enabled India to develop a modern economy and brought unity.
The Sepoy Mutiny
 Indians Rebel against the British
 After increased economic problems and growing
feelings of resentment and nationalism a group of
Sepoy’s rebelled against the British.
 The Sepoy Mutiny was an uprising that took place in
May 10, 1857 and they took over Delhi.
 The Indians could not reunite due to religious
differences and although they fought against the British
they lost.
 The Turning Point
 The British government took direct command in India.
 Raj referred to a rule where a cabinet minister in
London directed policy and a British governor-general
carried out the orders in India
Nationalism Surfaces in India
 After the demands for more modernization Ram Mohun Roy
believed some parts of Indian life needed to be changed or
the British would always be in control.
 Indians hated a system that made them second class citizens
 Nationalist Groups Form
 Indian National Congress - 1855
 Muslim League - 1906
 Both groups called for self-government
 They were split between Muslims and Hindus and this made it
difficult to claim independence
Social Class in India
 British Army
 Social class determined the way the of life for the British Army
 Upper-class men served as officers
 Lower-class men served at lesser rank
 Indian Servants
 Caste determined Indian occupations
 Divided into four broad categories called varna
 Jobs were regulated by varnask
LATIN AMERICA
Vocabulary Ch 12 Sec 3 pg. 382-387
 Caudillo: a military dictator of Latin American.
 Monroe Doctrine: Document issued by James Monroe
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stating that “the American continents . . . Are henceforth not
to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any
European powers.”
Jose Marti: A writer exiled from Cuba by the Spanish,
returned to launch a second war for Cuban independence.
Spanish-American war: 1898 U.S. joined the Cuban for their
independence. Lasted 4 months.
Panama Canal: Human made waterway connecting the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans, built by the United States and
opened in 1914
Roosevelt Corollary: It stated that no European countries
were allowed to intervene in Latin American affairs.
Latin America After Independence pg 382
 Colonial legacy
 Unequal distribution of land. Landowners got wealthier
after the independence and took over land owned by
natives.
 Peonage - Little better than slaves. Inherited debt and
worked for the landowners.
 Political Instability
 Caudillos ruled the people through fear.
 Domingo Sarmiento – Reform-minded president from
Argentina improved education served from 1868-1874.
 Mainly controlled by upper middle class
Economies Grow Under Foreign
Influence. Ch 12 Sec 3 pg. 383
 1800’s Britain and then later the U.S. became Latin
America’s main trading partners.
 They depended on exports no matter whom they were
trading with.
 The steamship and the creation of the railroads in the 19th
century increased Latin Americas trade.
 Outside investment and interference – other countries often
lent money which caused Latin American countries to go into
debt. Which brought foreign countries to take over the
funded industries.
Latin America pg 382
 Political independence meant little for most
citizens of the new Latin American nations.
 Both before and after independence most Latin
Americans worked for large landowners, for low
wages.
 Many new Latin American governments took
over the lands of native people and the Catholic
Church.
 Caudillos were the head of the army/ military
dictators.
Panama Canal Ch 12 Sec 3 pg 387.
Human-made waterway connecting the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans, built in Panama by the United
States and opened in 1914. It is one of the major
foundation blocks that promoted industrialism
growth.
The Philippines
• On July 4, united states declared independence on the
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Philippines.
In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos became an authoritarian ruler
and stole money from the government, in 1972 he imposed
marital law.
In 1986 Marcos was forced in to exile when he attempted
to falsify the result of the 1986 election. Corazon Aquino
became president.
After declaring independence the Philippine nationalist
were defeated and established Philippine republic
The United States wanted to help the Philippine build a self
ruled government. But the U.S had other plans and cause
food shortages in the Philippines by using cash crop.
 After the Americans won the Spanish-American
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war they decided to take over the Philippines.
Around the mid 19th century, the Philippines had
an urge to expand the continent for various reasons
Americans believed to be superior to the other
people.
America wanted a balance of trade
America needed to make exports exceed imports.
America was looking for fresh land to conquer
(islands in warm oceans).
America sought to spread Christianity.
There was the necessity of annexing some
property.
America had a strong sense of nationalism during
the era known in Europe as the Race for Empire.
• This what the Philippine’s counter argument. (or what they wanted instead of war).
Fighting erupted between U.S. and Philippine revolutionary forces on February 4,
1899, and quickly escalated into the 1899 Battle of Manila On June 2, 1899, the
First Philippine Republic officially declared war against the United States.
The war officially ended on July 4, 1902. which is the reason why we have
independence day.