Transcript War of 1812 File - Northwest ISD Moodle

United States vs. Great Britain
•The Forgotten
War
•Second War
for
Independence
James Madison (1809-1817)
• James
Madison
took over
a country
in an
economic
crisis and
open
hostilities
with the
British
Causes for WAR
After 30 years of independence, the United States found themselves
drawn into a second war with Great Britain. How did this happen?????
•
British ships were stopping American ships and seizing (impressing)
U.S. sailors and supplies, claiming that many were deserters from the
British Navy. One such event was the Chesapeake Affair in 1807.
•The British in Canada were supplying weapons to Native Americans
in the Ohio River valley, encouraging them to attack American settlers.
Shawnee Chief Tecumseh
tried to build an alliance
between Native
Americans and the
British.
William Henry Harrison
wins the Battle of
Tippecanoe and drives out
Tecumseh.
The War Hawks were a group of young Congressmen from the
south and west (Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun) who were
pressuring James Madison for war
The War Hawks also had ideas of conquering Canada and
creating a vast new American empire.
Urged by the War Hawks, Congress declared war on Great
Britain on June 18, 1812.
From 1812-1814 Britain
paid little attention to the
war and try to focus and
their war with France
United States forces tried to
capture Lower Canada (1812-1813)
but failed due to inexperience.
"We have met the enemy and they are ours."
Battle of Lake Erie (1813)
U.S. naval commander
Oliver Hazard Perry
defeated the British
force at the Battle of
Lake Erie
In 1814, the British invaded the United States
and focused on taking over the capital city..
As the British burn the city and march towards the White House,
Dolly Madison saves many important national artifacts minutes before
the British arrive and destroy the White House
August 1814, British troops captured Washington D.C, burning down
the White House and many Federal buildings
At the Battle of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, Francis Scott Key
watched the all night British bombardment.
At dawn he noticed
the US flag was
still there!!!
Key expressed his
pride in a poem that
later became the US
National Anthem
Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.
Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
Battle of New Orleans
Battle of New Orleans
In January 1815, the British attacked New Orleans. An
outnumbered U.S. General Andrew Jackson defeated the British
However the battle was unnecessary, due to slow communications the
war had ended with the Treaty of in December 1814.
The Treaty of Ghent left things as they were before the war, no
new land was acquired by either side.
1. Proved Americans could protect their
independence.
2. Created unity and pride (nationalism) in
the U.S.
3. British naval blockade forced the U.S.
economy to make their own products and
be self sufficient, thus the economy
grows and prospers
4. U.S. and Great Britain entered a period
of peace and friendship that still exists
today.
•
President Jefferson decided against war, but wanted to use trade as a
weapon to avoid bloodshed.
•
Jefferson and Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807.
1.
American ships were not allowed to sail or trade in
foreign ports.
2. It also closed American ports to the British ships
• Jefferson’s policy was a disaster.
It was more harmful to
the U.S. than to the British or French. One New Englander said the
embargo act was like “cutting one’s throat to cure a nosebleed.”