Transcript Jackson

 Many
Dem-Republicans supported a stronger
national government after the war
 The most important nationalist was Henry
Clay of Kentucky
 Clay was a senator, member of the House of
Representatives, and Speaker of the House in
1811
 Clay
wanted to increase federal involvement
in the economy
 Clay’s plan was known as the American
System
 The



American System had 3 main parts
A national bank for the federal government to
borrow money from so it would no longer have to
borrow different banks
A national transportation system to unite
northern manufacturers, western farmers, and
southern planters
Closer federal supervision of the economy
federal
supervision of the
economy
Of the United States
Transportation
 Public
demand for a national currency was
growing
 January 8, 1816 John C. Calhoun of South
Carolina introduces a bill for the Second
Bank of the United States
 Madison signs the Bill April 10th
 Clay
also called for a protective tariff
 British manufacturers were able to sell goods
cheaper than Americans
 The Tariff of 1816 placed a 25% duty on most
imported factory goods
 Northern manufacturers supported the tariff
 New England importers and southern farmers
opposed it
 Both
the US and Britain had the right to fish
in the disputed waters
 US Canada border was set at the 49th parallel
west to the Rocky Mountains
 The Oregon Territory would be jointly
occupied for 10 years
 Spain
owns Florida
 1810 American settlers had taken over a
Spanish fort in West Florida
 Madison had sent troops to the area and
controlled West Florida by 1814
 Spain could not resist the US takeover of
West Florida
 Secretary
of State John Quincy Adams is sent
to negotiate the purchase of Florida with
Spanish Minister Louis de Onis
 Violence in East Florida by Seminole Indians
threatened the negotiations
 Monroe needed to use force
 Monroe
sends Andrew Jackson to Florida
 The conflict will be known as the First
Seminole War
 Jackson’s forces cross into East Florida and
capture Spanish Forts
 People in Europe are outraged by Jackson’s
actions, but Americans support the invasion
 Monroe
declared Jackson acted on his own
attacking Florida and did not have
presidential authority
 Monroe returns the captured forts to Spain
 Adams continues negotiations with Onis
 Spain must control the Seminoles or Cede
East Florida to the US
 Spain
could not send military force to fight
the Seminoles
 Spain ceded Florida to the US in the AdamsOnis Treaty
 Many
Latin American States were declaring
independence from European powers
 The US issued an official policy recognizing
the new Latin American republics
 Bolivar
led many Latin American revolution
 He was nicknamed the Liberator
 He wanted one large nation in South America
like the United States
 Monroe
realized that these Latin American
states were not secure
 Monroe sends a letter to Thomas Jefferson
stating

“We would view an interference in Latin America
on the part of the European powers as an attack
on ourselves”
 1821
Russia extended its claim in Northwest
North America South to the 51st parallel
 John Quincy Adams warned the US would not
tolerate more colonies on the American
continents
 December
2, 1823 Monroe issues the Monroe
Doctrine
 US will not interfere with existing European
colonies
 The US would consider European attempts to
regain colonies or establish new ones as an
attack on the United States and a “danger to
our peace and safety”
 Some
people supported the doctrine
 Others believed it may drag the US into
foreign wars
 The US has taken on the self-proclaimed role
as “guarantor of liberties”
 Latin America would not be threatened for a
long time Britain, Spain, and France were
busy with their own conflicts and Russia
abandoned land claims in the Pacific
Northwest
With a Partner discuss the following.
The United States is considered by some the
police force of the world today. Do you
believe the Monroe Doctrine was the start of
this movement by the US? Do you agree with
the United States’ policy during the Monroe
Presidency and today? Explain your opinion
 Missouri
wanted to become a state
 If it became a state there would be more
slave states than free states
 In 1820 Henry Clay wrote the Missouri
Compromise
 Maine would enter the union as a free state
and Missouri would be a slave state
A
line was drawn across the US
 Any state south of the line would be a slave
state any state north of the line would be a
free state
 Many
banks loaned money regardless of
credit history
 The Second Bank of the United States
demands all state banks to demand
repayment on all loans
 Few banks could do this
 The
failed payments resulted in the Panic of
1819
 Banks failed, land prices fell, and
foreclosures resulted
 A depression followed
 The Era of Good Feeling was weakened
 Ended
the Era of good feeling
 No candidate was a leader during the
revolution
 John
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
Quincy Adams
Secretary of State
From Massachusetts
 John
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
Quincy Adams was the most experience
Negotiated the treaty with Britain to extend US
territory to the Rocky Mountains
Helped Acquire Florida
Helped plan the Monroe Doctrine
 Henry


Clay
Speaker of the House
From Kentucky
 Gifted
speaker
 Owned slaves but shared Jefferson’s
discomfort with slavery
 John


C. Calhoun
Secretary of War
From South Carolina
 Served
in the House of Representatives
 Headed committees to form the Second Bank
of the United States, the national road,
modernized navy, and protective tariffs for
business
 held slaves
 Withdrew from the election and ran for VP
 Andrew
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
Jackson
War Hero and General
From Tennessee
 Nicknamed
“Old Hickory”
 Popular for victories in the War of 1812


New Orleans
Seminole war
 Relied
on popularity
 Jackson
won the most votes in the electoral
college but did not win a majority
 Adams came in second
 House of Representatives needed to vote to
decide the election
 Henry Clay used his influence as Speaker of
the House to elect Adams
 Adams made Clay Secretary of State
 Jackson
was outraged
 Jackson and his supporters claimed that
Adams and Clay made a corrupt bargain to
deny Jackson the presidency
In the election of 1828 what was Andrew
Jackson’s political party called?
2. Whose principles did Jackson’s party promise
to return to?
3. Who won the election of 1828? How?
4. What agreement was made for Secretary of
State
Page 251
1.
 Takes
office March 4, 1829
 “The man of the people”
 After the inaugural speech Jackson
supporters followed him into the White
House where they partied
 Officials removed the mob from the white
house by placing the punch bowls on the
White House lawn
 For
years newly elected officials gave jobs to
friends and supporters, this was known as
patronage
 Jackson made it his policy
 He replaced presidential appointees and
other office holders with Jacksonian
Democrats
 Infuriated his opponents
 Jackson’s
use of patronage was labeled the
spoils system
 Jackson defended his actions by arguing
rotation in office kept one group from
controlling the government
 Did
not want a strong federal government
 Wanted people to have power
 Veto Power
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
Jackson vetoed many Bills especially when they
dealt with state issues
Increased the power of the president
 Before
Jackson took office Congress passed
the Tariff of 1828

Heavy tax on imports designed to increase
American manufacturing
 Who
would the tariff help?
 The tariff benefitted the industrial north but
forced southerners to pay more for
manufactured goods
 South
Carolina decided that the states had
the right to decide whether the federal
government had exceeded its authority
 States could nullify any federal law they
judged as unconstitutional
 States’ rights are the rights the Constitution
neither gives the federal government nor
denies the states
 Another
tariff was passed in 1832 and SC
declared it null and void
 The state threatened to secede
 Jackson threatened to send 50,000 troops if
SC tried to leave the Union
 Congress reduced some duties and SC
canceled its nullification act
Who were the “Five Civilized Tribes” and where
did they live?
2. What was Worcester v. Georgia?
3. What did Jackson say about John Marshall’s
decision?
4. What is The Indian Removal Act?
5. What was the Trail of Tears?
Page 252-254
1.
 Fox
and Sauk people were driven off their
land in 1831
 A warrior named Black Hawk led a group of
1,000 to reclaim their land in the Black
Hawk War
 The natives retreated into Wisconsin most
were chased down and killed
 Second Seminole War lasted 7 years ending
after Chief Osceola was captured
 A few hundred Seminoles remained in Florida
 Jackson
believed the Bank of the US was a
“monster” controlled by wealthy north
easterners
 The President of the bank was Nicholas
Biddle who decided to recharter the bank in
1832 (4 years before it was due)
 If Jackson vetoed the charter the National
Republicans would use it against him in the
1832 election
 Jackson

Vetoed the charter
“The bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it”
 Jackson
still won the election of 1832 over
Clay by a huge margin
 Clay ran for the Whigs party
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Favored strong national government
Federal Bank
Tariffs
 Jackson
chose not to run for a third term
because of poor health
 His VP Martin Van Buren ran and won
 The economy was poor
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Jackson had taken money from the national bank
and put it in “pet banks”
These banks recklessly lent out money
A depression followed
 Van
Buren was defeated by William Henry
Harrison in the election of 1840
 April 4, 1841
 Harrison dies of Pneumonia one month after
taking office
 VP John Tyler becomes president

The Whigs never wanted him to become
president they abandoned him and Tyler spent
four years in political deadlock
 Most
roads in the US were old trails
 A road plan was laid out during Jefferson’s
presidency to from Maryland over the
mountains into the western territory
 This road was called the National Road and
reached into West Virginia by 1818
 Farmers
could only ship on flatboats that
floated down river
 Anything shipped east or upstream was
shipped by wagons
 Calhoun
believed new roads and canals
should be federally funded, his bill past in
congress
 Madison disagreed and vetoed the bill as his
last act in office
 Transportation would have to be funded by
the states
 New
York begins building the Erie Canal in
1817
 It will expand 363 miles and connect Lake
Erie to the Hudson river
 New York Politician DeWitt Clinton persuades
state officials to fund the project
 The
Erie Canal reduced the price of shipment
from Buffalo to NYC by 90%
 By 1840 a web of canals would stretch from
Illinois to the Atlantic Ocean
 The
industrial Revolution started in Britain in
the 1700s
 Mass production in industries allowed many
goods to be made at one time
 Steamboats
aided transportation up river
 Robert Fulton’s Claremont was the first
steamboat to carry heavy loads upstream in
1807

Mississippi River
 Arrived
in US in the 1830s
 They could go anywhere the track could be
laid
 Over the next decades the US would spend
$200 million and lay 9,000 miles of track
 With
the new developments in transportation
regions did not have to be self sufficient
 Different regions of the country could
specialize in producing certain goods
 Anything that was needed could be shipped
more easily
 Samuel
Slater moved to the US in 1789 from
Britain
 He convinced Moses Brown a Rhode Island
manufacturer to produce a British Style
Spinning wheel
 Mills opened all over Massachusetts
 Eli
Whitney introduced interchangeable
parts in the manufacture of firearms
 These parts could be machine produced and
increase production