Transcript RECONSTRUCTION

• Content Objective: SWBAT
explain reconstruction why was
needed.
• Language Objective: SWBAT
state the significance of
Lincoln, Lee, and Douglass.
RECONSTRUCTION
“Post Civil War”
1865 -1877
What is Reconstruction?
– The
reorganization and rebuilding
of the former Confederate
States after the Civil War.
4 Key Issues Reconstruction
Needed to Solve
1) What should we do with secessionists –
people who wanted two separate
countries?
–Punish or welcome back?
2) How should we re-build the South?
–Plantations and farms were destroyed.
–Towns and homes were burned to the
ground
More Key Issues
3) How can we work together and act as one
country?
4) How can we help the newly freed slaves?
– Freedmen needed: Education, land,
money, laws to protect their freedom
** All of these problems needed solutions
during Reconstruction!!
Frederick Douglass
• He fought for the adoption
of Constitutional
amendments that
guaranteed voting rights
for African Americans
• He was a powerful voice for
human rights and civil
liberties
Robert E. Lee
• He was a former Confederate
General
• He wanted to reconcile with the
North. “We must reunite as
Americans”, even though many
people still wanted to fight
• He became president of
Washington College, which is
now known as Washington and
Lee University
Abraham Lincoln
• Second Inaugural Address
Abraham Lincoln
• His Reconstruction plan was reconciliation
- to agree and come together.
• He was willing to grant amnesty- an official
pardon. “Saving the union was more
important than punishing the South.”
• 10% Plan
– If 10% of the Southern state’s citizens
voted to, they could re-enter the U.S.
• Not everyone agreed with Lincoln
Lincoln’s Assassination
• April 14, 1865, Lincoln was killed by John Wilkes
Booth in Ford’s theater
• Booth escaped and was later surrounded while
hiding in a barn in Front Royal, VA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qAeFjCscRY
Warm Up:
• We will look at two maps.
• Write down:
–What is each showing?
(Look at the titles)
–1 fact about each map.
• Content Objective: SWBAT describe the
main ideas behind the Reconstruction
Amendments (13th, 14th, 15th).
• Language Objectives:
– SWBAT choose method to demonstrate
knowledge of Reconstruction
Amendments: drawing, analyzing change,
or application.
Reconstruction Amendments
• 13th
Amendment
(1865) – banned
slavery in the
United States
and all of its
territories
Reconstruction Amendments
• 14th Amendment (1866) – grants citizenship
to all persons born in the United States and
guarantees them equal protection under the
law.
3 Key
Reconstruction
Amendments
• 15th Amendment
(1869) – ensures all
citizens the right to
vote regardless of
race, color, or
previous condition
of servitude
Amendment Summary
• These three amendments
th
th
th
(13 , 14 , and 15 ) guarantee
equal protection under the
law for all citizens
• Who still doesn’t have the
right to vote?
–Women
• Content Objective: SWBAT compare
Black Codes to Slavery
• Language Objective: SWBAT explain
major policies of Reconstruction and
their effects.
Andrew Johnson
• Lincoln’s Vice President, Johnson, took over
after Lincoln’s death.
• Johnson’s Reconstruction plan blended the
ideas of the time.
– Quick reentry to the U.S. for most
people/states (Lincoln)
– Wealthy and political leaders have more
punishments (Congress- Radical Republicans)
– Little protection to newly freed African
Americans. (Johnson)
• Led to the Black Codes
Black Codes (1865-1866)
– Laws passed by the Southern states to limit the
economic and physical freedom of the former
slaves. “trampled the rights of African
Americans”
• Could be arrested and imprisoned for being
unemployed
• Banned from owning/renting farms
• Illegal for a farmworker to walk beside a
railroad
• Illegal to speak loudly in the company of
white women
• Illegal to sell products of your farm after dark
http://youtu.be/5s8ccKepCms
Black Codes (1865-1866)
• Complete Venn Diagram on back
of page #26
Radical Republicans
• Established Freedman’s Bureau in March 1865
– Government agency created to help the former
slaves
• Distributed food, clothing and medical services
• Established schools and provided teachers
• Aided the construction of African American
Universities
• Distributed land for farming and sharecropping
• Provided help with employment,
transportation and fair wages
Sharecropping Packet
• Create a pair of students
one with landlord
packet and one with a
sharecropper packet
• Answer the questions as
you go.
• You may use your device
for the math
Radical Republicans
• Worked to change Johnson’s plan
–African Americans could hold public
office for the first time
–Southern military leaders cannot run
for office
Radical Republicans
–Civil Rights Act of 1866
• Granted equal rights and full
citizenship to African Americans
• Authorized the use of federal
troops to enforce equal rights
• Made the Black Codes illegal
Racism
Radical Republicans
– Reconstruction Act of
1867
• North supervised
the South and
divided it into
military districts
• Ability to remove
leaders from power
and use force if
necessary.
Reconstruction Declines
• Content Objective: SWBAT discover the
impact of ending Reconstruction.
• Language Objective: Explain the
importance of the Election of 1876.
Groups That Cause Tension
• Carpetbaggers –
individuals who
moved from the
North to the South
to make a profit
after the Civil War
• Southerners
resented them
Groups That Cause Tension
• Scalawags – Southerners who cooperated
with the new governments the North
helped create.
• Former Confederates resented them
Reconstruction Declines
Election of 1876
The election of
1876 was so
corrupt, that
neither side knew
for sure who won.
Hayes (North)
vs. Tilden
(South)
Election of 1876
The election results
were decided in the
Compromise of 1877.
*Reconstruction ended
in 1877 as a result of
the Compromise to
decide the outcome of
the election of 1876*
Compromise of 1877
was a result of the disputed 1876
Presidential election results
NORTH promised to:
1. give more aid ($) to the
South
2. withdraw all of the
remaining federal troops
3. Let Southerners handle
the Race issue
SOUTH promised to:
1. Maintain all African
American Rights
2. recognize Hayes as the
next President of the
United States
Objectives
• Content Objective: Compare and
contrast Booker T. Washington and
W.E.B. Dubois
• Language Objective: Explain the effects
of the Jim Crow Laws.
Jim Crow Laws
• Made segregation in the South legal
• Was upheld in infamous court case
– Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) –ruled that separate
but equal was ok.
– Included restaurants, bathrooms, schools,
churches, and even public transportation
– Increased violence against African Americans
and many rights gained during Reconstruction
were lost
Jim Crow Segregation
• Discrimination – treating someone unfairly because
of their race, gender, religion, place of birth, age, etc.
Voting Restrictions
Poll Tax
Literacy Tests
• Fee you had to pay
before you could vote
• Had to read difficult paragraphs
or documents and answer
questions before you could vote
Grandfather Clause- allowed individuals who did
not pass the literacy test to vote if their fathers
or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction
African American Response to Jim Crow
(2 opposing views)
Booker T. Washington
1. Was born a slave, who had
taught himself to read
2. Wanted to achieve equality
patiently, by gaining economic
power.
3. Believed gaining skills and
education was the key to
equality
4. Founded Tuskegee Normal
and Industrial Institute
(Tuskegee University today)
African American Response to Jim Crow
(2 opposing views)
W.E.B. Dubois
1. First African American to
receive a PhD from Harvard
2. Demanded for the right to
vote as a way to end
segregation.
3. Believed protest was the
key to equality
4. One of the founders of the
NAACP
BOTH
• Desired equality for African Americans
• Worked to get equality