Transcript Ch 11-1 - Nutley Public Schools

The New Republican
President
Chapter 11 section 1
Thomas Jefferson 3rd POTUS
 In 1801, Thomas Jefferson became the first President
to take the oath of office in Washington, D.C.
 First Republican President
 Tried to keep the government small and simple.
Thomas Jefferson
Renaissance Type Man
 Served as a President, Vice-President, Secretary of
State, legislator, governor, and as the author and a
signer of the Declaration of Independence.
 Inventor – new type of clock, the swivel chair, the
dumbwaiter elevator, and a new form of plow.
 He was also a musician, a farmer, an architect, and
spoke 5 languages.
3rd President 1801-1809
 Put Republican ideas about government to work.
 Ended many customs of President Washington and
Adams
 Guests now shook hands with the President, instead of
bowing before him.
 Formal receptions were also replaced with informal
dinners at a round table, so no person appeared superior
to anyone else.
1803 Marbury vs Madison
 The Supreme court gained a new, more powerful role
in the Federal government. In the 1803 case of
Marbury v. Madison, the court established its power of
judicial review.
 Judicial review-the power to decide whether or not an
act of Congress is constitutional.
Marbury vs Madison
WILLIAM MARBURY
James Madison
1803 Marbury vs. Madison
 Soon after taking office, Jefferson noticed that a stack
for new judges had not been delivered.
 Before Jefferson’s inauguration, President Adams
appointed loyal Federalists to new judgeships.
 Why?
 Jefferson was outraged when he saw them and told his
Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver them.
1803 Marbury vs. Madison
 One man who did not receive his commission was
William Marbury.
 Marbury claimed that the Judiciary Act of 1789 gave the
Supreme Court the power to force federal officials to
perform their duties.
 Marbury argued, the court could order Madison to give
him his commission.
Outcome of Marbury vs
Madison
 In 1803, the outcome of the case of Marbury vs.
Madison forever changed the relationship of the three
branches of government.
 The Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional because
the Constitution did not grant such power to the Court.
 Therefore the Supreme Court could not force Madison
to give Marbury his commission.
Louisiana Purchase 1803
 In 1803, Jefferson doubled the size of the United States
by buying Louisiana from France.
 President Jefferson sent James Monroe to France. His
mission was to persuade Napoleon to sell New Orleans
to the United States.
 Luckily France was on the brink of war with Great Britain.
 Napoleon knew that he did not have a strong enough
navy to protect French lands in North America.
Louisiana Purchase 1803
 Choices for Napoleon: British take the Louisiana
Territory or he sells it and makes money to fight the
British
 On April 30, 1803, he signed a treaty with France in
which the United States agreed to buy Louisiana from
France for about $15 million dollars. (about 3 cents per
acre)
 $15 million in 1803 = about $300,000,000 today
Louisiana Purchase 1803
Map of U.S. Acquisitions
Signing of the Louisiana
Purchase
Exploration of the Louisiana
Purchase
 Although the Louisiana Purchase did double the size of
the United States, it added 200,000 Native American,
French, and Spanish inhabitants.
 Thomas Jefferson hired Meriwhether Lewis and William
Clark to explore the Louisiana Purchase and find a
route to the Pacific Ocean.
Lewis and Clark
 Other information – native tribes they met (established
trade with them),soil samples, terrain, and animals they
encountered.
 Lewis and Clark were joined by a guide named
Toussaint Charbonneau and his 17 year old Shoshone
Indian wife, Sacagawea.
 Sacagawea had been kidnapped as a child and taken far
from her mountain homeland.
 She would serve as a guide and interpreter.
Lewis and Clark
Meriwhether Lewis
William Clark
Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark
Sacagawea
Sacagawea and
Charbonneau
Zebulon Pike
 In 1806, Zebulon Pike began exploring a different part
of Louisiana.
 Pike and his party pushed west across the Kansas
Plains along Osage and Arkansas rivers.
 Upon reaching the Colorado Rockies, Pike caught a
sight of the “Grand Peak”, now named “Pike’s Peak”.
 The party got lost and wandered south into present day
New Mexico.
 Spanish soldiers arrested them as spies and took them
deep into Mexico. They were held captive until the spring
of 1807.
Zebulon Pike
Pike’s Route
Pike’s Peak