Transcript Progressive Movement Workplace Reforms

Objectives
 Content: Analyze primary source
accounts of the Homestead Strike.
 Language: Explain the changes
desired by Bryan and T. Roosevelt.
The Progressive Movement
Progressive = Change
- These changes included:
-
Breakup of monopolies
Improvement in Working Conditions
Limitations on Child Labor
Rise of Labor Unions
Temperance Movement
Women’s Suffrage
Early Attempts at Reform
 Unions
 Workers responded to dangerous
conditions by forming Labor Unions.
 Business owners saw labor unions as
unfair because they prevent
competition.
 The largest impact was made by
organizing a strike.
Strikes
• Strikes were often violent and deadly and
many people did not support this lawless
disorder.
The Homestead Strike
• In 1892, workers went on
strike at Carnegie’s steel
plant in Homestead, PA.
• The strike occurred
because of increased
hours, decreased wages,
and unsafe conditions.
• Workers barricaded
themselves in front of the
plant.
The Homestead Strike
• Frick (Carnegie’s general manager) tried to
take the plant back by force. Eventually
the PA governor sent in troops.
The Homestead Strike
• Lives were lost on both sides.
• The strike was a failure since the
strikers were immediately replaced by
non-union strikebreakers – new
workers that came in to work during
the strike.
Politics
 William Jennings
Bryan
 Ran for President
three times
 Fought for the
lower classes and
the rights of
laborers/farmers
 Spoke out against
political corruption
Theodore Roosevelt
 Success in Spanish American
War gives him celebrity status
 Vice President and then
President of U.S.
 Believed president was the
“steward of the people,” = he
could not be bought or
manipulated.
Theodore Roosevelt
 Anti-trust preventing or
controlling trusts
or other
monopolies, with
the intention of
promoting
competition.
Warm Up
 List as many details about the photo as you can.
 What do you think was the purpose of the
photographer in taking this picture?
Objectives
 Content: Defend your position on
who was to blame for the tragedy
at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory.
 Language: Explain the importance
of Lewis Hine and Samuel Gompers.
Muckrakers
 In the 1900s, a group of writers began
writing stories that exposed government
corruption and other problems of
American society.
 These writers were known as muckrakers
because they “dug up” the “dirt” about of
American society.
 Many muckraker stories were
printed in magazines and widely
read.
 As the public became informed
of these problems, they began
to demand REFORM!
 Ex: The Jungle
 Pure Food and Drug Act
(FDA) and the Meat
Inspection Act in 1906
Workplace Reforms
 Reforms were needed because of
these three negative effects of
industrialization:
1. Unsafe working conditions
2. Low wages and long hours
3. Child Labor
Unsafe Working Conditions
 Labor unions were weak.
 Workers worked for long hours, for
low pay, in dangerous environments.
 The Triangle shirtwaist factory fire of
1911
 Safari Montage/See handout This video
is upsetting and will talk/show real
footage from after the fire. If you wish
to be excused, tell me and I will give you
an alternate assignment.
 This was one of the tragic events that led
to workplace reforms
Child Labor
 Young children worked for long hours
and low pay in dangerous
environments.
 These children received no education.
 Lewis Hine used photographs of
children working to try to reform (and
end) child labor practices.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tY1gk6J6zc&feature=related
The Rise of Labor Unions
•Samuel Gompers began the American
Federation of Labor (also called the AFL)
•It was one of the most powerful Labor
Unions
•The American Federation of Labor
(AFL) had 1.6 million members by
1904.
Progressive Movement
Workplace Reforms
 In the end, the Labor Unions had many
successes
1. Improved safety conditions
2. Reduced work hours
3. Placed restrictions on Child Labor
 Expanded Education
 In 1865 most children attended school for only
4 years
 By 1914 80% of all children (ages 5-17) were
enrolled in school
Objectives
 Content: Analyze primary sources to
explain the Temperance Movement.
 Language: Write flashcards for the 18th,
19th, and 21st Amendments.
Progressive Era
Constitutional Changes
 During the Progressive Era, people
began to believe that it was
government’s job to help solve
society’s problems.
 Many new laws were passed as a
result of the progressive movement,
including several amendments to the
Constitution.
 Progressive leaders of the time included
muckrakers, elected government
officials and very often, women.
Progressive Era
Amendments
18th – (1919) Prohibition of
Alcoholic Beverages
th
19 -
(1920) Women’s Suffrage
(The right to vote)
21st – (1933) Repeal of
Prohibition Amendment
th
18
Amendment
• “Prohibition” (also known
as The Temperance
Movement) prohibited:
the production, sale, or
transportation of alcoholic
beverages in the United
States.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiYqFXmVAFg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Women’s Christian
Temperance Union
• Biggest group
behind Temperance
movement was the
Women’s Christian
Temperance Union
(WCTU)
• Carrie A. Nation
became the face
(and ammo) of the
movement
Carrie Nation and her “Hatchetations”
Prohibition Primary
Source Activity
21st Amendment
Repeal of Prohibition
 Prohibition amendment was so
controversial, that it became one
of the central issues of the1932
Presidential election
 FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt)
ran and won on a platform which
included an end to Prohibition
Map of Women’s Suffrage Before 1920
Objectives
 Content: Label a timeline showing the
order of individuals gaining the right to
vote in the U.S.
 Language: Explain importance of Susan
B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
15th Amendment - 1871
• Granted African-American men the
right to vote
• Disappointed many women who
thought African-American men
and women would be
enfranchised together
• African Americans were split over
whether men should get vote
before women
Sojourner Truth, 1869
Sojourner Truth, 1864
“There is a great stir about
colored men getting their
rights, but not a word about
the colored women … And
if colored men get their
rights, and not colored
women theirs, you see the
colored men will be masters
over the women, and it will
be just as bad as it was
before.”
Famous Suffragettes
• National American Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA)
• Big leaders in the women’s suffrage
movement: Susan B. Anthony,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Two strategies:
• Try to win suffrage state by state
• Try to pass a Constitutional
Amendment (but this would need
to be ratified by 36 states – or
three-fourths)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
L13b0t9aARY&feature=related
Anti-suffragists
• Those who
opposed extending
the right to vote to
women were called
anti-suffragists.
• Many anti’s were
women.
“O Save Us, Senators, from
Ourselves!”
Beliefs of Anti-Suffragists
• Women were high-strung, irrational, and
emotional
• Women were not smart or educated
enough
• Women should stay at home
• Women were too physically frail; they
would get tired just walking to the polling
station
• Women would become masculine if they
voted
Women’s Suffrage
• Women gained the right to
vote with the passage of
the 19th Amendment to the
Constitution of the United
States of America.
• Women gained voting
rights and increased
educational opportunities
http://viewpure.com/co6qKVBciAw
Discrimination against
Native Americans
 Native Americans did not receive any
citizenship rights in the United States
until 1924.
 This means that they were the last
group of people to be given
Constitutional rights!