Transcript Ch.9, Sec.3 * The Federalists in Charge

Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
 Washington Retires
- Washington was greatly admired by the American people,
but came under attack during his 2nd term for signing off on
Jay’s Treaty
- people felt Jay’s Treaty favored our relationship with England
and weakened our relationship with France (England was
supposed to be our enemy!!!)
- Washington felt the attacks on him were because of political
disagreements and the creation of political parties would
weaken our nation
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
- Washington also gave advice
on foreign policy & urged our
nation’s future leaders to remain
neutral and “steer clear of
permanent alliances with any
portion of the foreign world.”
- Washington’s presidency
(1789 – 1797) set the precedent
for how all other presidents
would serve in the executive
office
George Washington – “Father of
the United States of America”
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
 Growth of Political Parties
- Federalists & Antifederalists argued on how to interpret the
Constitution and on economic policy
- Hamilton favored the British government & opposed the
French Revolution
- Jefferson & Madison favored the French and also did not
want a strong central government
- Hamilton wanted a United States in which trade, cities, and
manufacturing grew
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
- Jefferson & Madison pictured a rural nation of planters and
farmers
- these differences on foreign and domestic policy led to the
nation’s first political parties
- Jefferson & Madison founded the Democratic-Republican
Party that stressed democracy and the republican system
- Hamilton helped form the Federalist Party that stressed
strong national government, shipping, and manufacturing
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
 John Adams Takes Office
- the Federalists chose John Adams
to represent them in the 1st
presidential election
- the Democratic-Republicans
chose Thomas Jefferson
- Adams won the election with 71
electoral votes to Jefferson’s 68
John Adams (1796 – 1801)
- Adams won the presidency &
Jefferson was given the vice
president role since he was 2nd
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
- in 1800, Adams became the first
president to serve from the nation’s
new capital city, Washington D.C.
- he also became the first president
to serve from the Executive Office
(called the White House later on)
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
 Problems with France
- when Washington left office in 1797, relations between France
and the U.S. were very tense
- within the year, France had looted more than 300 U.S. ships
to prevent them from trading with England
- Adams followed Washington’s example of neutrality & sent
Charles Pinckney to Paris to speak about foreign affairs
- the foreign minister of France refused to speak to Pinckney,
unless the U.S. paid France $10 million and $250,000 to the
minister as a bribe, so they used 3 agents to speak: X, Y, Z!!!
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
- the U.S.
canceled all
treaties with
France and
began seizing
French vessels
once word of the
XYZ Affair got out
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
 The Alien & Sedition Acts
- the conflict with France made Adams & the Federalists
popular with the public
- many Democratic-Republicans still supported France!
- Adams blamed the Democratic-Republican newspapers &
immigrants for a lot of the political conflicts
- to silence their critics, the Federalist Congress passed the
Alien & Sedition Acts in 1798
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
Alien & Sedition Act provisions:
1. increased the waiting period for becoming a U.S.
citizen from 5 to 14 years!
2. gave the president the power to arrest disloyal aliens
or order them out of the country during wartime!
3. outlawed sedition, which is saying or writing anything
false or harmful about the government!
- with these acts, the Federalists were clamping down on
freedom of speech and the press
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
- the Democratic-Republicans, led
by Jefferson & Madison, found a
way to fight this act through the
theory, states’ rights
- states’ rights basically were rights
the federal government couldn’t
violate according to the Constitution
- when the Democratic-Republicans won control of Congress
in 1800, they repealed the Alien & Sedition Acts
Ch.9, Sec.3 – The Federalists in
Charge
 Peace with France
- in 1800, Adams reopened talks with France and was
successful in signing the “Convention of 1800”, which ended all
violent actions between France & the United States!
- Adams’ actions made him enemies among the Federalists, but
he didn’t care and was extremely proud of keeping the U.S. out
of another war!!!
- unfortunately, Adams lost his bid for re-election to Jefferson in
1800 and served until 1801