Transcript Key Concept: How did the Cold War affect the domestic policies of

Part 3
Key Concept: How did the Cold War affect the domestic policies of
the United States?
Domestic Policies:
•1. McCarthyism, Red Scare II
•2. HUAC (conformity)
–House Un-American Activities Committee
•3. Loyalty oaths, gov’t employees
•4. Blacklists, Hollywood
•5. Counterculture
Actors and writers protest the Hollywood Blacklist.
–Peace/war; teen v adults; drugs
•6. Bomb shelters, fear, civil defense
•7. Interstate highway system, defense
•8. Generation gap
2
A 1950s era bomb shelter
Key Concept: How did the Cold War affect the
foreign policies of the United States?
Foreign Policies:
• 1.
Korean War, containment
• 2.
Arms Race, who can build the bigger bomb
• 3.
Space Race, technology for defense
• 4.
Truman Doctrine, send aid not military, Greece/Turkey
• 5. Marshall Plan, send aid and military to protect Eastern Europe,
help rebuild after WWII, gain Allies and trade
• 6.
Eisenhower Doctrine, (USSR was threatening Middle East by
trying to take over Suez Canal) any country world wide could request
American economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it
was being threatened by armed aggression from another country.
• 7. Vietnam Conflict, containment
• 8. Brinksmanship, will go to edge of war if necessary
• 9. Cuba (missile crisis, Bay of Pigs, peaceful coexistence)
Key Concept: What were the six major
strategies of the Cold War?
•1.
•2.
•3.
•4.
•5.
•6.
Brinkmanship,
Espionage,
Foreign aid,
Alliances, NATO
Propaganda,
Surrogate wars,
1.
3.
•Korea, Vietnam, Cuba
2.
4
4.
6.
5.
Paris, 1961
Nikita
Khrushchev,
the leader of
the Soviet
Union
Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear
proliferation. Khrushchev thinks that JFK is young,
inexperienced, and can be controlled.
Upon taking over the government in Cuba, Fidel Castro developed a
relationship with the Soviet Union and Khrushchev.
The US was concerned with this development and wanted to help
Cuba resist communism.
The Bay of Pigs Invasion
•The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful attempt by US-backed Cuban exiles to
overthrow the government of the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.
• Increasing friction between the US and Castro's communist regime led President
Eisenhower to break off diplomatic relations with Cuba in January 1961.
• Even before that, however, the CIA had been training anti-revolutionary Cuban exiles for a
possible invasion of the island.
•The invasion plan was approved by Eisenhower's successor, John F. Kennedy.
The Bay of Pigs Invasion…
• On April 17, 1961 about 1300 exiles, armed with US weapons, landed at the Bahía de
Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) on the southern coast of Cuba hoping for support from locals.
• From the start, the exiles were likely to lose. Kennedy had the option of using the Air Force
against the Cubans but decided against it.
• Consequently, the invasion was stopped by Castro's army. The failure of the invasion
seriously embarrassed the Kennedy administration.
•Some critics blamed Kennedy for not giving it adequate support
•Others blamed Kennedy for allowing it to take place at all.
• Additionally, the invasion made Castro wary of the US. He was convinced that the
Americans would try to take over the Cuba again.
Cuban leader Fidel Castro watches events during
the Bay of Pigs Invasion.
Berlin Wall is Built
Location
• In the early morning hours
of August 13, 1961, the
people of East Berlin were
awakened by the rumbling
of heavy machinery
barreling down their streets
toward the line that divided
the eastern and western
parts of the city.
• The wall encircled the
Western half of Berlin.
• In 1962, the Soviets and
East Germans added a
second barrier, about 100
yards behind the original
wall, creating a tightly
policed no man's land
between the walls. After the
wall went up, more than 260
people died attempting to
flee to the West.
The relationship between the U.S. and Soviet Union
continued to get more tense. The next step would shake the
world and Americans particularly.
Things Heat Up
Cuban Missile Crisis…
From top: Castro, Kennedy,
Khrushchev, and poster for a
movie about the crisis called
Thirteen Days
• The crisis began on October 15, 1962 when
reconnaissance revealed Soviet missiles under
construction in Cuba.
• After seven days of intense debate within the White
House, Kennedy imposed a blockade around Cuba to
stop the arrival of more Soviet missiles.
• On October 22, Kennedy announced the
discovery of the missiles and his decision to
blockade Cuba and that any attack launched from
Cuba would be regarded as an attack on the US by the
USSR and demanded that the Soviets remove all of
their offensive weapons from Cuba.
• October 27 was the worst day of the crisis. A U-2 spy
plane was shot down over Cuba.
• Tensions finally began to ease on October 28, when
Khrushchev announced that he would dismantle the
installations and remove the missiles, expressing his
trust that the US would not invade Cuba.
• Further negotiations were held to implement the
October 28 agreement, including a US demand that
Soviet bombers be removed from Cuba, and specifying
the exact form and conditions of US assurances not to
invade Cuba.
The Slow Thaw
• End of WWII through Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford,
Carter, Reagan, and Bush, Cold War = foreign policy concern
• Most film/TV villains were Soviets or communists; Indiana Jones and the
Temple of the Crystal Skull, which is set in the 1950s, pays homage to the use of
Soviets as villains.
•Better relations between communists countries and the US began with one of
the most hard-lined anti-communist presidents, Richard Nixon. In his “only
Nixon could go to China” trip, Nixon was the first US president to visit that
communist country.
Cate Blanchette as Col.
Dr. Irina Spalko in
Indiana Jones and the
Temple of the Crystal
Skull
Richard and Pat Nixon
(in an appropriately red
coat) at the Great Wall
of China
A magazine cover about
ping pong diplomacy, so
called because better
relations between the US
and China came after the
two countries’ ping pong
teams played each other.