Transcript The Hot Spots of the Cold War

A Jewish State is Created
 British Balfour Declaration – Arthur Balfour,
British Foreign Secretary declares that he favors
the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine
 Arabs, consider the Jews invaders and violent
conflict emerges
 The United Nations Resolution – 1947 –the United
Nations partitioned the Palestine area into two
(one Arab and one Jewish)
 May 14, 1948 – independence of a Jewish state,
Israel is declared with the support of U.S.
President Harry Truman
 first prime minister was David Ben-Gurion
 Arab nations; Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt,
and Iraq immediately invade Israel but are
defeated in 1949, as Israel expands its borders
 Cold War implications – United States and Israel
become firm allies, while the Soviet Union
supports the Arabs
The Six Day War (1967)
 Israel was invaded by Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.
 Israel defeated the Arab nations and took claim to the
West Bank (Jordan), the Golan Heights (Syria), and
the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt)
 Religious and cultural differences still the root of
conflict in the area.
 Many experts believe if a World War III would occur it
would happen here.
 The U.S. still backs Israel while Arab countries like
Iran feel Jews are intruding on Muslim Holy Land
Map 29–4 ISRAEL AND ITS NEIGHBORS IN 1949 The
territories gained by Israel in 1949 did not secure peace
in the region. In fact, the disposition of those lands and
the Arab refugees who live there has constituted the core
of the region’s unresolved problems to the present day.
Germany: The Partition
 Was important because it ensured no rebellious
uprisings would occur.
 It made the people of Germany understand the
seriousness of their defeat
 Gave the Allied powers more time to figure out the
best plan for a nonthreatening Germany
Soviets’ Advantage
 Sector proximity to the SU b/c it acted as a buffer zone
against western invasion
 Allowed for Soviet expansion
 Allowed an attempt to make all of Berlin the
communist capital of East Germany
The Division of Germany
 SU took technology
from Germany as
reparations.
 Factories were torn out
of Berlin and the
Russian zone and
taken back to Russia
 German Communist
Party took control of
the gov’t of Soviet zone
under Walter Ulbricht
Berlin, the capital
 France, Britain, and U.S. were planning on unifying
their zones into a democratic West Germany
 SU set up a blockade around Berlin to try to squeeze
out the Allies so the SU could take full control of
Berlin
 Western powers did not want a military
confrontationWWIII?
The Berlin Airlift
 13,000 tons of supplies
were flown to Berlin
daily
 SU did not want to
chance war so they did
not interfere and the
blockade was lifted
 1949 Germany will be
split into West and
East Germany
Nikita Khrushchev (1953-1964)
 Replaced Stalin after his mysterious death in 1953
 In “The Secret Speech,” Khrushchev condemned the
vicious rule of Stalin
 Started “de-Stalinization”—reducing the power of the
secret speech
 Allowed more intellectual freedom
 BUT, Hungarian uprising of 1956 was crushed by the
Red Army
 Retreated from Stalin, but not from Communism or
authoritarian gov’t
Timeline: Tensions increase
 1956 the US and SU began to talk about “peaceful
coexistence”
 1957SU launches Sputnik, first satellite to orbit the
earthSIGNIFICANCE?
 1958Negotiations began to limit nuclear testing
 1959U.S. leaders visited Moscow and Khrushchev
toured the U.S.
Paris Summit Conference
 A meeting was scheduled for the leaders of several
countries to meet in Paris
 Just before the SU shot down an American U-2 spy
plane
 Khrushchev demanded an apology from Pres.
EisenhowerHe refused
 Khrushchev was in Paris but did not attend the
conferenceBack where we started NO TRUST!
The Berlin Wall
 In 1961 a large number of
Germans were leaving
East Germany and
entering West Berlin
 Aug. 1961 a concrete wall
was built to separate
West and East Berlin
Effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis
 The Soviet Union removes missiles from Cuba
 The United States removes missiles from Turkey
 The United States and Soviet Union avoid nuclear war
 Kennedy and Khrushchev establish a “hot line”
telephone system to keep communications
openMoscow to Washington D.C.
 In 1963, the U.S., Great Britain, and the Soviet Union
signed the Nuclear Test Ban which ended aboveground
nuclear tests
 Khrushchev lost prestige in the SU and will be
removed from power in 1964
The Brezhnev Era
 On Oct. 16, 1964
Khrushchev was forced
to resigntoo much,
too fast and CMC
fiasco
 Leonid Brezhnev
emerged as the
dominant figure in SU
Communist Party
1968: Invasion of Czechoslovakia
 “Prague
Spring”Alexander
Dubcek began to
experiment with liberal
communism
freedom of discussion
 SU and Warsaw allies
sent troops and
replaced Dubcek
In the summer of 1968, Soviet tanks rolled into Czechoslovakia, ending that country’s
experiment in liberalized communism. This picture shows defiant flag-waving Czechs on a
truck rolling past a Soviet tank in the immediate aftermath of the invasion.
Hulton Archive Photos/Getty Images, Inc.
 Brezhnev Doctrine declared the right of the SU to
interfere in communist countries to sustain
communist gov’ts of Eastern Europe
Détente with the United States
 Nixon’s “détente” or cooling
off relations with the Soviets
during the late 60s and early
70s
 Nixon and Brezhnev
conclude agreements on
trade and reduction of
nuclear arms
 President Gerald Ford, SU
and other European nations
sign Helsinki Accordthe
Soviet sphere is Eastern
Europe as long as human
rights are protected
1979:Invasion of Afghanistan
 Brezhnev gov’t invaded to ensure SU influence in
central Asia
 U.S. embargoed grain shipments to SU, boycotted 1980
Olympics in Moscow, sent aid to Afghan rebels
 CIA directed rebel forces of whom were radical
Muslims
 Conflict will last for 10 years resulting in about 20,000
SU deaths
Reagan Ends Détente
 Ronald Reagan elected in 1980 and
1984 and begins presidency by
calling the Soviets the “Evil Empire”
 Reagan begins a massive military
buildup and pushes for “Star Wars”
 The Soviets unable to keep pace will
begin to feel the financial crippling
of their country
 REVOLUTION IS COMING!!!
Mikhail Gorbachev
 Becomes Soviet leader in 1985
 Introduces “glasnost” (openness)
and “perestroika” (restructuring)
with the SU
 Will be the leader when the
Revolutions of 1989 engulf
Eastern Europe and the Berlin
Wall is torn down
Reagan Ends Détente
 P. 1133
 Read last section on Reagan and answer the following
question.
 How did Ronald Reagan change the path of the Cold
War ending détente and pushing the SU towards its
financial downfall?