Transcript ch-13 - WordPress.com

• Hail to the Chief
Chapter 13: The Presidency
Presidential Trivia
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1. Who was the youngest president?
2. Who was the oldest president?
3. How many presidents have been assassinated? Name them.
4. Which Presidents faces’ appear on Mt. Rushmore?
5. Who was the tallest president?
6. Who was the shortest president?
7. Who was the fattest president?
8. How many men have served as president?
9. How many sets of relatives have served as president?
10. How many former presidents are still alive today? Name them.
Presidential Trivia
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1. Teddy Roosevelt
2. Ronald Reagan
3. 4- Garfield, McKinley, Lincoln, Kennedy
4. T. Roosevelt, Jefferson, Lincoln, Washington
5. Lincoln 6’3”
6. Madison 5’4”
7. Taft
8. 43
9. 4- Adams, Harrison, Roosevelt, Bush,
10. 4- Carter, H.W. Bush, Clinton, W. Bush
• Chief of State- Ceremonial head
• Chief Executive- Head of executive branch
• Chief Administrator- Director of our
government
• Chief Diplomat- Head Foreign policymaker
2009
2015
The President’s Roles
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Commander in Chief- Head of military
Chief Legislator- Head policymaker
Chief of Party- Head of party
Chief Citizen- Representative of people
• A Day in the Life of President Obama
• The President's Daily Schedule
The President’s Roles
Terms & Qualifications
Article II- U.S. Constitution
Section 1.
The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of
America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years…
No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at
the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of
President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not
have attained to the age of thirty five years, and been fourteen Years a
resident within the United States.
1. How long is a President’s term?
2. What three qualifications are necessary in order to serve as President of the United States?
• Serves 4 year terms
• Originally no limit
– Washington’s precedent
– FDR elected to 4 terms
• 1951- 22nd Amendment limits President to
two terms
President’s Term
• Natural born citizen
• Age 35
• Have lived in U.S. for 14 years
Qualifications
Qualifications
Qualification
President
(1)
Senate
(100)
House
(435)
35
30
25
CITIZENSHIP
NATURAL BORN
CITIZEN
9 YEARS PRIOR TO
ELECTION
7 YEARS PRIOR TO
ELECTION
RESIDENCY
LIVED IN THE US AT
LEAST 14YEARS
LIVE IN THE STATE
YOU REPRESENT
LIVE IN THE STATE
YOU REPRESENT
AGE
How are the qualifications for President different than those for the House and
Senate? What do you think is the reason for the difference?
Compensation
Article II- U.S. Constitution
Section 1.
The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation,
which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which
he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any
other emolument from the United States, or any of them.
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Does the president get paid?
2.
Who determines his pay?
3.
How much does the president make per year?
• Set by Congress (cannot be reduced during his term)
– $400K/ $50K Expense Account
• Live in White House
• Air Force One
Compensation
• Trump Overseas Business Interests Subject to Scrutiny?
Effective
Year
1789
1873
1909
1949
1969
2001
Salary
Amount
$25,000
$50,000
$75,000
$100,000
$200,000
$400,000
• Oprah- A Day With President Obama
• Fox News- A Day With President Obama
Extra Credit Question
• Who was the 2016 designated survivor?
Extra Credit Question
Article II Section III.
He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the union,
and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and
expedient
• Who was last year’s designated
survivor?
President Pro Tempore Orrin Hatch and Jeh
Johnson- Secretary of Homeland Security
Extra Credit Question
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• Presidential
Succession Act of
1947- Determines
order of
succession.
Presidential
Succession
Office
Current officer
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Vice President of the United
States
Joe Biden (D)
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Speaker of the House
Paul Ryan (R)
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President pro tempore of the
Senate
Orrin Hatch (R)
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Secretary of State
John Kerry (D)
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Secretary of the Treasury
Jack Lew (D)
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Secretary of Defense
Ash Carter (D)
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Attorney General
Loretta Lynch (D)
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Secretary of the Interior
Sally Jewell (D)[a]
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Secretary of Agriculture
Tom Vilsack (D)
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Secretary of Commerce
Penny Pritzker (D)
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Secretary of Labor
Thomas Perez (D)
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Secretary of Health and
Human Services
Sylvia Mathews Burwell (D)
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Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development
Julián Castro (D)
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Secretary of Transportation
Anthony Foxx (D)
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Secretary of Energy
Ernest Moniz (D)
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Secretary of Education
Arne Duncan (D)
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Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Robert McDonald (R)
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Secretary of Homeland
Security
Jeh Johnson (D)
1.Jump up^ Not a natural-born citizen (acquired U.S. citizenship by
naturalization) and thus ineligible for the Presidency.
Amendment XXV
Section 1.
In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.
Section 2.
Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon
confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
Section 3.
Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written
declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the
contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.
Section 4.
Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may
by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration
that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties
of the office as Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his
written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either
the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the
President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to
discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if
not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within
twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge
the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall
resume the powers and duties of his office.
25th Amendment
What Occurs?
1. Vice presidential vacancy.
2. The President is temporarily unable to perform his duties.
3. The Vice President and a majority of the cabinet members determine
that the President is unable to perform his duties.
• 25th Amendment
– If absence known
• President signs away
authority to VP
– If incapacitated
• If VP and majority of
Cabinet find President
unfit- can take power
with Congressional
approval
Presidential Disability
• Balances the Ticket- VP picked to attract votes
to the ticket
McCain
Palin
Vice Presidency
• Duties
– Preside over Senate
– Tiebreaker vote in
Senate
– Helps determine if
president can
preform his duty
– President-in-waiting
Vice Presidency
• Vacancy
– President appoints
– Congress approves by majority vote
Vice Presidency
•Who is our only
“nonelected” U.S.
President?
Gerald Ford
The Electoral College
· The Electoral College is a winner-take-all system in (nearly) every state.
· The Electoral College was included in the Constitution because the framers feared “mob rule.”
· Electors are awarded to the states based on their representation in Congress (Reps + Senators)
· The 23rd Amendment granted Washington DC 3 electors (same as the lowest # of any state)
· The candidate who wins the plurality in each state is awarded ALL of its electors (except ME & NB)
· Candidates must earn a majority of electoral votes (270 of 538) to win
· If no candidate wins a majority, the House of Representatives decides (1 vote per state)
• Originally
– 1st became President
– 2nd became VP
Presidential Selection
• Rise of parties created controversy
• Two messed up elections
– 1796- President and VP from different parties
– 1800- Tie for President
1796- Adams
(Federalist) elected
President, Thomas
Jefferson (AntiFederalist) elected
VP
1800- Thomas
Jefferson and Aaron
Burr both Federalists
tie for President.
Took House 36 ballots
to finally elect
Jefferson President.
Presidential Selection
• 12th Amendment
– Electors vote for President and VP separately
– If the Electoral College cannot produce a winner...
• House picks President
• Senate picks VP
“The Electors shall meet in their
respective states, and vote by
ballot for President and VicePresident, one of whom, at least,
shall not be an inhabitant of the
same state with themselves;
they shall name in their ballots
the person voted for as
President, and in distinct ballots
the person voted for as VicePresident.”
Presidential Selection
What Happens if the Electoral College Cannot Produce a Winner?
Has This Ever Happened?
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1800- According to the Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution, if two candidates each received a majority of the
electoral votes but are tied, the House of Representatives would determine which one would be President.
Therefore, the decision rested with the lame duck, Federalist-controlled House of Representatives. Thirty-five
ballots were cast over five days but neither candidate received a majority. Many Federalists saw Jefferson as
their principal foe, whose election was to be avoided at all costs. But Alexander Hamilton, a well-respected
Federalist party leader, hated Burr and advised Federalists in Congress that Jefferson was the safer choice.
Finally, on February 17, 1801, on the thirty-sixth ballot, the House elected Thomas Jefferson to be President.
1824- As no presidential candidate received a majority of electoral votes in the election of 1824, the U.S. House
of Representatives votes to elect John Quincy Adams, who won fewer votes than Andrew Jackson in the
popular election, as president of the United States. Adams was the son of John Adams, the second president of
the United States. In the 1824 election, 131 electoral votes, just over half of the 261 total, were necessary to
elect a candidate president. Although it had no bearing on the outcome of the election, popular votes were
counted for the first time in this election. On December 1, 1824, the results were announced. Andrew Jackson
of Tennessee won 99 electoral and 153,544 popular votes; John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts received 84
electoral and 108,740 popular votes; Secretary of State William H. Crawford, who had suffered a stroke before
the election, received 41 electoral votes; and Representative Henry Clay of Kentucky won 37 electoral votes. As
dictated by the U.S. Constitution, the presidential election was then turned over to the House of
Representatives. The 12th Amendment states that if no electoral majority is won, only the three candidates
who receive the most popular votes will be considered in the House. Representative Henry Clay, who was
disqualified from the House vote as a fourth-place candidate, agreed to use his influence to have John Quincy
Adams elected.
• In 2 out of 57 of Presidential Elections, the Electoral College has failed to elect a
President, leaving the task the House of Representatives. Would you trust a
system that has a 4% failure rate?
• Electoral votes equals number of representatives and senators
• Winner-take-all
– Except Nebraska/Maine
• Winner wins majority of electoral votes- 270
Electoral College
The Electoral College
• How YOU can be elected President with only 22%
of the Popular Vote
The Electoral College
The Weaknesses
• Can win popular vote and lose election in EC
Candidate Party Electoral Votes
Popular Votes
George W. Bush- Republican
271 Electoral
50,456,062 Popular
Albert Gore, Jr. -Democratic
266 Electoral
50,996,582 Popular
The Electoral College
The Weaknesses
• Swing states take on elevated importance
The Electoral College
The Weaknesses
• Winner-take-all feature
– Increases importance of big
states
– Does not accurately reflect
voter choice
– Reinforces two-party system
The Electoral College
The Weaknesses
• Citizens have unequal voting power
Wyoming is our least populous state, yet they are still entitled to 3 electoral votes. Use the data
provided by the US Census Bureau to complete the following: US Pop- 318,857,056
WY Pop- 584,153
WY’s share (%) of the US Population: ___.1%_____
WY’s share (%) of electoral votes: ___.5%_____
Each WY voter has ___5_____ times as much electoral strength as the “average” American.
(Divide WY’s share of electoral votes by its share of US Population)
The Electoral College
The Weaknesses
• Do not need a majority of the states to win
• Do not need to win the popular vote
The Electoral College
The Weaknesses
• Other Quirks
– Unbound electors
– House picks the President
if the EC cannot
The Electoral College
Reform
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Proposed reforms:
1. District Plan – each Congressional district awards 1 electoral vote, 2 for overall state winner
· Good: more votes count (ex. Republicans in California & Democrats in Texas)
· Bad: opens the system to gerrymandering, candidate can still win popular vote but lose election
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2. Proportional Plan – each state awards % of electoral votes to match % of popular vote
· Good: closer relationship between the popular vote with the electoral vote
· Bad: candidate can still win popular vote but lose election, 3rd party success would send election to
House of Representatives… less democratic!
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3. Direct Election – Americans choose president by popular vote & abolish Electoral College
· Good: Most democratic plan, easy to “sell” to Americans
· Bad: Fraud, irregularities, recounts more of a problem, and **Constitutional amendment necessary**
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4. National Bonus Plan – Award a “bonus” 120 electors to winner of nationwide popular vote
· Good: ensures that popular vote wins the election, does not require amendment
· Bad: a bit absurd & confusing; will never gain popular support.
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The Electoral College
Reform
• Two ways to reform Electoral College
– Constitutional Amendment
The Electoral College
Reform
States alter allocation of Electoral Votes (Maine/Nebraska)
Florida House
Total Seats- 160
Florida Senate
Republicans Seats- 107
Democratic Seats- 53