Transcript Quiz: Causes of the Spanish-American War

America Comes of Age (1890-1920)
Lesson 6 The Spanish-American War
America Comes of Age (1890-1920)
Lesson 6 The Spanish-American War
Learning Objectives
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Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War.
Identify the major battles of the Spanish-American War.
Describe the consequences of the war, including the debate over imperialism.
Examine the causes and consequences of the Philippine insurrection.
America Comes of Age (1890-1920)
Lesson 6 The Spanish-American War
Key Terms
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José Martí
William Randolph Hearst
Yellow Press
jingoism,
George Dewey
Emilio Aguinaldo
Rough Riders
Treaty of Paris
insurrection
guerrilla warfare,
William Howard Taft
Causes of the Spanish-American War
American power and economic interests around the world were growing. Still, the
United States remained reluctant to risk war with other powers to acquire colonies.
That changed, however, in 1898, when America went to war against Spain. The United
States acquired colonies and became a world power.
Causes of the Spanish-American War
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U.S. Sympathies for Cuban Rebels
Influence of Mass Media
The Explosion of the Maine
The Spanish-American War Begins
CAUSES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
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US invested lots of money in Cuba but Cuba unstable
Jose Marti – Cuban patriot who launched a war of independence
from Spain.
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Yellow Press: Yellow journalism – sensational headlines to sell
newspapers
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Butcher Weyler
USS Maine – blows up and sinks in Havana Harbor – kills 266
Americans
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Hearst (World) and Pulitzer (Journal)
Jingoism – aggressive nationalism – strong foreign policy
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Some people favored Cuban rebels, some wanted Spanish stability
Investigation says it hit a Spanish mine.
Reality, it was a coal fire that hit ammunition
US declares war on Spain
Causes of the Spanish-American War
A group of Cuban rebels attacked a Spanish plantation overseer.
American Forces Defeat the Spanish
Americans responded enthusiastically to the war. About 200,000 men enlisted in the
army, up from the 25,000 that enlisted at the beginning of 1898. In early May, as the
United States Army prepared to attack, Americans heard news of a great naval victory
over Spain. But, surprisingly, the victory was not in Cuba. Rather, it was in the Pacific
Ocean, on the opposite side of the world.
American Forces Defeat the Spanish
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Acquiring the Philippines
Victory in the Philippines
AMERICAN FORCES DEFEAT THE SPANISH
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Assistant Secretary of the Navy – Theodore Roosevelt gave orders to
prepare for war (without permission)
George Dewey – US Admiral strikes the Spanish in the Philippines and
destroys the Spanish Pacific fleet at Manila Bay.
Emilio Aguinaldo – Filipino nationalist helped US take the Philippines.
US troops land in Cuba – bad uniforms and guns (food)
Rough Riders – Teddy Roosevelt Calvary unit that became famous for
battles of Kettle and San Juan Hills outside of Santiago
Helped by Buffalo soldiers and their leader, Black Jack Pershing
Spanish Atlantic fleet tries to leave Santiago – all destroyed
Puerto Rico falls
Spain surrenders
American Forces Defeat the Spanish
Analyze Maps Why did American forces likely launch their attack on the Philippines from the British
port city of Hong Kong?
American Forces Defeat the Spanish
African Americans made up approximately 10 percent of U.S. forces during the Spanish-American
War. Infer What do you think motivated African Americans to join the armed forces during the
Spanish-American War?
American Forces Defeat the Spanish
Analyze Graphs What threat posed the greatest danger to U.S. forces during the Spanish-American
War?
The War as a Turning Point
Secretary of State John Hay referred to the conflict with Spain as a “splendid little war”
because of the ease and thoroughness of America’s victory. Although the war may
have been “splendid,” it created a new dilemma for Americans: What should the United
States do with Spain’s former possessions?
The War as a Turning Point
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Pros and Cons of the Treaty of Paris
Differing Views on U.S. Expansionism
THE WAR AS A TURNING POINT
Secretary of State – “a splendid little war”
 Treaty of Paris 1898
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US got Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines
 US gave Spain $20 million dollars
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Anti-Imperialist League condemned imperialism as
anti-American
 1901 Congress passes the Platt Amendment and
take complete control of Cuba and give our selves
some navy bases (Guantanamo Bay)
 Cuba and Philippines independence?
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The War as a Turning Point
Analyze Information How did the Spanish-American War contribute to the rise of the United States
as a world power?
The War as a Turning Point
Analyze Political Cartoons What does the portrayal of the territories on the wall poster imply about
American involvement in those regions?
Effects of U.S. Expansionism in the Philippines
America’s decision to keep the Philippines reflected a desire to expand its influence,
compete with European colonial powers, and gain new trade in Asia.
Effects of U.S. Expansionism in the Philippines
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Guerrilla War Erupts in the Philippines
The Philippines Begin Limited Self-Rule
Growing U.S. Position as a World Power
Effects of U.S. Expansionism in the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo fought first as an American ally against the Spanish, then led an insurrection
against America in favor of Filipino self-rule.
EFFECTS OF US EXPANSIONISM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
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Emilio Aguinaldo thought US would grant Philippines their independence, he was wrong
US thought if we left, someone else will come in (Germans)
Insurrection – rebellion
Guerrilla Warfare – nontraditional warfare involving small bands of fighters attacking behind
enemies lines
Aguinaldo started an insurrection against the US using guerrilla warfare
War lasted until 1901 when US captured Aguinaldo
 5,000 US soldiers died, 200,000 Filipinos died
 US started a concentration camp system
 US ordered not to take prisoners
William Howard Taft became governor of Philippines in 1901
 Did real good
 Extended self-rule
 Built infrastructure
 Public health system
 US promised to make Philippines independent – someday
1900, McKinley runs for re-election and changes VP, Teddy Roosevelt. Wins in a landslide
Effects of U.S. Expansionism in the Philippines
Analyze Information How did American investment in Cuba in the early 1900s affect the level of
sugar production in Cuba?
Quiz: Causes of the Spanish-American War
How did the Yellow Press affect American sentiment toward the crisis in Cuba?
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It fueled American jingoism and anger toward Spain.
It angered the United States by criticizing Cuban rebels.
It encouraged a peaceful resolution between Spain and Cuba.
It improved understanding between the United States and Spain.
Quiz: American Forces Defeat the Spanish
Which group of soldiers did Theodore Roosevelt lead during the Spanish-American
War?
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the Rough Riders
the Ninth Cavalry
the Tenth Regiment
the Freedom Riders
Quiz: The War as a Turning Point
Why did the Anti-Imperialist League argue against the U.S. occupation of the
Philippines?
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It would negatively impact relations with Spain.
It would slow American economic growth.
It would go against the principles of American government.
It would violate the conditions of the Teller Amendment.
Quiz: Effects of U.S. Expansionism in the Philippines
How did Filipinos respond to U.S. rule in the Philippines?
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with peaceful protests
with guerrilla warfare
with diplomatic measures
with economic sanctions