Transcript Nuclear Bombs

Nuclear Bombs
Atomic, Hydrogen, and Neutron
Atomic Bomb
• Manhattan Project (1939 to
1945)
– Robert Oppenheimer
– Response to Nazi Germany
• Atomic bomb tested on July
16th , 1945
– Los Alamos
– “The Gadget”
• Uranium-235 and process of
fission
• Dropped on Japan
– “Little Boy”
– “Fate Man”
Japan Attacks: Hiroshima
• Hiroshima bomb called
“Little Boy”
– August 6th , 1945
– Aircraft called Enola Gay
– 16 kilotons of TNT
– 70,000 to 80,000 people died initially
– Japanese 2nd General Army causalities
– 12 American deaths
• Gun-type fission weapon made with
Uranium-235
Japan Attacks: Nagasaki
• Bomb’s named was “Fat Man”
– (August 10th, 1945)
• Exploded between the
Mitsubishi Steel and Arms
Works and Mitsubishi and the
Urakami Ordnance Works
• Killed between 40,000 and
75,000 people initially
• 21 kiloton yield and
– generated heat equivalent to
3,900 degrees Celsius
Robert Oppenheimer
“I have become
death...the
destroyer of
worlds.”
Impact on Japan
• Japan surrendered 6 days after
the bombing of Nagasaki
• September 2nd, 1945
– Officially ending World War II
– Japan adopted Three NonNuclear Principles
• 90,000 to 160,000 people in
Hiroshima and 60,000 to
80,000 people in Nagasaki
died
• ½ the deaths resulted on the
first day
– 60% from fire flashes
Hydrogen Bomb
• Created by Edward Teller
– Bomb was created in 1952
• Heat of atomic bomb would ignite
the hydrogen
– A canister would divide the atomic
bomb and hydrogen fuel
• Experimental bomb “Mike”
–
–
–
–
Bikini atoll
November 1st, 1952
Vaporized the island of Elugelab
700 times the power of the atomic
bomb dropped at Hiroshima
– Radioactive mud and acid rain fell
– Area of 27 miles high and 8 miles
wide
Neutron Bomb
• Created by Edward Teller
• Designed by Samuel Cohen
• Tested on 1963 at the
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
– Test underground, 70 miles away
from Las Vegas
• Added to the United States
arsenal
• Fusion process and x-ray
mirrors and an inert shelling
case
– Bombs are significantly smaller,
but still offer a similar kilotons of
energy
Soviet Union
• August 29th, 1949- “Joe One”; copycat
of “Fat Man”
• Soviet Spies (Harry Gold and Klaus
Fuchs)
– Captured intelligence from
Manhattan Project
• True hydrogen bomb test on November
22nd , 1955 with a 1.6 megaton blast
• October 23rd , 1961 another bomb with
a yield of 58 megatons
• October 4th, 1957
– The Soviet Union launched Sputnik
into Earth’s orbit
– America responded on October 31st,
1959 with their own missile launch
Potsdam Conference
• July 24th , 1945
– An agreement between GB and US waited to inform Stalin
about the Manhattan Project
– Feared Stalin would risk information to German Spies
• However, Stalin had a ring of spies (Theodore Hall and
Klaus Fuchs)
– Spies provided information for hydrogen bomb and
implosion bomb
– Stalin wasn’t mad as expected, at the conference
BRAVO Test
• March 1st, 1954 (another
hydrogen bomb at the Bikini
Atoll
• Explosion “underestimated”
– 14.8 megatons rather than 5
megatons
– Largest test done by the
United States
– Blast reached 300 miles away
– Affected U.S soldiers and
unfortunate residents
• Japanese fishermen
Duck and Cover
• Produced in 1951 by the United States federal
government’s
• Civil Defense
Overall Outcome
• Nuclear Arms race (1941-1991)
• United States and Soviet Union realized they
had enough nuclear weapons to destroy
each other
• Mutual Assured Destruction
– The Soviet Union and the United States
realized that they would severally damage
each other
– This realization prevent the use of nuclear
weapons
• United States resisted use of nuclear
weapons during Korean War
– President Eisenhower opposed use of nukes
• Non-Proliferation Treaty (today’s goals)
Name: Jacob Pasley
Date: 4/24/13
Period: #6