Transcript An Emerging World Power - Mater Academy Lakes High School

The Roots of
Imperialism
9.1
Causes of Imperialism
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Economic Benefits
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Colonies can provide raw materials/natural resources; Extractive colonies
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USA was producing so much that overseas markets were needed to control the economy
American military strengthens
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Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
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1900= 3rd Largest navy
Causes of Imperialism
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Social Darwinism
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Belief that life consists of competitive struggles; Only the strongest/fittest survive
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Certain nations/races were superior to others, destined to rule over inferior
peoples/cultures
1st Steps Toward World Power
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1853, Commodore Matthew Perry & Japan
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1867, William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
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Negotiated a trade treaty with Japan
Rich in natural resources & doubled the size of the nation
1889, 1st International Pan-American Conference
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Economic cooperation b/t the USA & Central/South America
USA acquires Hawaii
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Sugar cane plantations established in late 18th century; Sugar plantations
controlled Hawaii
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1887= American planters convinced King Kalakaua to amend Hawaii’s constitution; Voting
rights limited to wealthy landowners
1890’s; American planters faced 2 crises:
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1) New tariff law made Hawaiian sugar more expensive for Americans to buy
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2) Queen Liliuokalani fought against American planters; Abolished constitution
1898= Hawaii annexed, made an official US territory
The Spanish-American
War
9.2
Causes of the War
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American businessmen had over $50 million invested in sugar cane plantations
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Led by Jose Marti, Cuban rebels fought against Spain’s military (1895)
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Spanish General Valeriano Weyler created concentration camps for Cuba’s population
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American property was being destroyed; Over 400,000 Cubans would die in camps
Causes of the War
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The Yellow Press
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Joseph Pulitzer (New York World) & William Randolph Hearst (New York Journal)
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Exaggerated Spanish atrocities; Compared Cuban rebels to patriots of American Revolution
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Fueled American jingoism (aggressive nationalism)
Causes of the War
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Explosion of the USS Maine
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Occurred on Havana Harbor, 1898
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“Remember the Maine!”
April of 1898, US Navy blockaded Cuban ports
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Led Spain to declare war on the United States
The War
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Commodore George Dewey led US Navy to Spanish-owned Philippines
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Emilio Aguinaldo, Filipino nationalist, led rebellion against Spanish military
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August 1898, Spanish surrender island to US forces
June of 1898, Thousands of US soldiers land in Cuba
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Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders
The War
Effects of the War
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Treaty of Paris= Ended the Spanish-American War
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Spain lost: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam; Sold Philippines to US for $20 million
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Philippines would become America’s next issue
Imperialists vs. Anti-Imperialists
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Imperialists= Believed that America must civilize Filipinos & govern them; Philippines=
Stepping stone to China
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Anti-Imperialists= Formed Anti-Imperialist League; Condemned imperialism as a crime
The United States &
East Asia
9.3
Filipino Rebel Against U.S. (1899-1902)
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Emilio Aguinaldo led an insurrection (rebellion) against U.S. forces
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Rebels relied on guerilla warfare
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Filipino civilian placed in concentration camps by American military
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1901= Aguinaldo captured by U.S. forces
By end of Filipino-American War:
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5,000 Americans killed; Over 200,000 Filipinos killed
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U.S. spent almost $400 million dollars
Filipino Self-Rule
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1901= William Howard Taft, future president, became governor of Philippines
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Extended limited self-rule; Had schools, roads, & bridges built
1916= The Jones Act is passed
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Promised full independence to the Philippines
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Occurred 30 years later after U.S. forces liberated the island from Japanese occupation
during WWII.
U.S. Pursues Interests in China
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Major powers carved China into spheres of interests
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Which country is left out?
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1899= John Hay, Secretary of State, notified world leaders that U.S. wanted to trade in
China; the “Open Door” Note
The Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901)
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A response to growing influence of outsiders; Righteous & Harmonious Fists
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Secret society known as the Boxers
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Celebrated traditional Chinese customs; Denounce Chinese converts to Christianity
May of 1900= The Boxers killed foreign missionaries & took over the foreign
diplomats’ district in Beijing
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European, American, Japanese forces sent to Beijing to crush rebellion
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China forced to pay for damage caused by the rebellion
Hay’s Open Door Policy
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U.S. wanted to “preserve Chinese territorial & administrative entity”
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U.S. didn’t want to create colonies in China
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U.S. wanted free trade in China
Imperialism: U.S. &
Latin America
Policy in Puerto Rico & Cuba
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1900= Foraker Act; Created government in PR & gave U.S. certain powers
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U.S. could appoint a governor in PR
Platt Amendment
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Restricted the rights of newly independent Cubans
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Required Cuba to provide naval station in U.S.
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Gave U.S. right to intervene in Cuban affairs
Roosevelt & Big Stick Diplomacy
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Big Stick Diplomacy= Policy of using a strong military force to achieve goals
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Panama Canal
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35,000 workers used, Over 5,000 died; Completed in 1914
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Panama was part of Columbia; Roosevelt threatened to support Panamanian rebellion if
Columbia did not approve plans to build canal
Roosevelt Corollary= Update of the Monroe Doctrine (1823); U.S would be
police power of Latin America
Taft & Dollar Diplomacy
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William Howard Taft; Elected President in 1908
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Dollar Diplomacy= Policy of expanding American investments in Latin America
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Substituted “Dollars for Bullets”
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U.S investments would encourage nations to be friendly to the U.S.
Wilson & Moral Diplomacy
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Elected president in 1912; Policy of promoting human rights & avoiding the
use of military force
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Revolution in Mexico
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For decades, Mexico ruled by dictator Porfirio Diaz
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1911= Francisco Madero led a revolution; but was a terrible leader
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Wilson supported Venustiano Carranza, a reformer.
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Poor leadership led to the rise of another rebellion, led by Pancho Villa; Killed 18
Americans in a raid in Columbus, New Mexico