Transcript WORLD HISTORY * THE COLD WAR

WORLD HISTORY – THE
COLD WAR: UNIT 6
(Chapter 27)
VOCABULARY
THE COMMIE SCARE, PT. 1
•
• Truman Doctrine
• stated that the US would provide money to countries threatened by
Communist expansion
•
• policy of containment
• a plan to keep something, such as communism, within its existing
geographical boundaries and prevent further aggressive moves
•
• arms race
• building up armies and stores of weapons to keep up with an enemy
•
• Central Treaty Organization
• including Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Great Britain, and the US, this
organization intended to prevent the Soviet Union from expanding to
the south.
There was a climate of fear during the
50s & 60s during the nuclear arms race
THE COMMIE SCARE, PT. 1
•
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
• formed to stem Soviet aggression in the East, the United
States, Great Britain, France, Pakistan, Thailand, the
Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand formed this
organization.
•
• Dean Acheson
• US secretary of state who said "Like apples in a barrel infected
by disease, the corruption of Greece would infect Iran and all
the East...likewise Africa, Italy, France...Not since Rome and
Carthage had there been such a polarization of power on this
earth."
•
• domino theory
• idea that, if one country falls to communism, neighboring
countries will also fall
THE DOMINO THEORY
POST-WWII RE-MAPPING THE WORLD
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Marshall Plan
what followed the Truman Doctrine in June 1947...designed to rebuild the prosperity
and stability of war-torn Europe...underlying belief that Communist aggression was
successful in countries where there were economic problems; Soviets viewed this as an
attempt to buy other countries' support
Berlin
located deep in the Soviet Zone of Germany, this city was divided into four zones
amongst the US, the SU, Great Britain, and France.
Federal Republic of Germany
created in September of 1949, otherwise known as West Germany (not communist).
German Democratic Republic
created in 1949, also known as East Germany; set up by the Soviets (COMMUNIST).
Charles de Gaulle
president of France after World War II; 1946: established a new government called the
Fourth Republic, but the power of the president was too weak; left politics and came
back in 1958 to create a new constitution for the Fifth Republic that greatly enhanced
the power of the president, which he became.
A barrier separated communist Berlin from free Berlin
in Germany until it was removed in 1989
PEACE-KEEPING ATTEMPTS
•
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• formed in April 1949 when Belgium,
Luxembourg, France, the Netherlands,
Great Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway,
Portugal, and Iceland signed a treaty with
the United States and Canada to agree to
provide mutual help if any one of them was
attacked. West Germany, Turkey, and
Greece joined a few years later.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
is still in operation today
COMMIE AGREEMENTS
•
• Warsaw Pact
• In 1955, the Soviet Union, Albania,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East
Germany, Hungary, Poland, and
Romania in (a formal military
alliance) like the West had with
NATO.
This was an alliance of Communists
designed to expand Russia’s influence
THE SPACE RACE/LEADERS/& THE COMMUNIST RUSSIA FACTORY SYSTEM
•
• Sputnik I the first human-made space satellite
•
• Nikita Khrushchev
• emerged as the new leader of the Soviet Union in 1955 and
tried to take advantage of the American concern over missiles
to solve the problem in West Berlin (remaining a Western
island of prosperity in the midst of the relatively povertystricken East Germany, people were escaping as refugees to
West Berlin from East Germany); initiated the construction of
the Wall separating West Berlin from East Germany; agreed to
not start nuclear war with US if the US did not attack Cuba
•
• heavy industry
• the manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and
mines
The first man-made object in
space (by Russia)
REFORM IN THE USSR
•
• de-Stalinization
• the process of eliminating Stalin's more
ruthless policies
•
• Alexander Solzhenitsyn
• author of "A Day in the Life of Ivan
Denisovich" (WORK CAMPS &
DEHUMANIZATION)
Stalin’s death in 1953 ended decades
of Soviet state-sponsored terror, but
communism continued for 35 yrs.
COMMUNIST SATELLITE NATIONS
•
• satellite state
• a country that is economically
and politically dependent on
another country (often used
with the countries under the
Soviet Union)
MODERATE PROTESTS AGAINST THE USSR BY
SATELLITE NATIONS
•
• Albania
• after World War II, this country set up a Stalinist-type regime
(Communist) that became more and more independent of the Soviet
Union everyday.
•
• Tito (Josip Broz) of Yugoslavia
• ...the leader of the Communist resistance movement
• ...after the war, he moved toward the creation of an independent
Communist state in Yugoslavia
• ...Stalin wanted Yugoslavia, but this man refused to let them control
their country.
•
• Alexander Dubcek
• elected first secretary of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia in
January 1968
• ...hoped to create "socialism with a human face."
• ...all of this was short-lived, because the soviet army came and invaded
to stop the government.
Czechs revolted against the Soviets in 1956
& later the USSR invaded them in 1968
STRONG PROTESTS AGAINST THE
USSR BY SATELLITE NATIONS
•
• Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia
• 3 countries that strongly opposed Soviet control
after Stalin's death...protests erupted in 1956
•
• Imre Nagy
• the Hungarian leader who declared Hungary a
free nation on November 1, 1956
• ...Soviets did not allow this, and attacked
Budapest
• ...he was executed 2 years later
Eastern Europeans protesting the USSR
FREE/DEMOCRATIC EUROPE
•
• Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
• lead by Konrad Adenauer, chancellor in West Germany...very
cooperative man who wanted to work with the US and
France...under Adenauer, West Germany experienced an
economic miracle guided by minister of finance, Ludwig
Erhard
•
• European Economic Community
• (EEC); Common Market...free-trade area made up of the six
member nations which would impose no tariffs, or import
charges, on each other's goods; with a total population of 165
million, this community was the world's largest exporter and
purchaser of raw materials
•
• bloc
• a group of nations with a common purpose
Havel was a great Polish president who
dumped communism there in 1989
ECONOMICS OF THE COLD WAR
•
• welfare state
• a state in which the government takes
responsibility for providing citizens with services
such as health care (socialist)
•
• real wages
• the actual purchasing power of income
•
• consumer society
• a society preoccupied with buying goods
Ex-communist countries are still trying
to adjust & a black market has resulted
IMPORTANT COLD WAR FIGURES OF THE USA
•
• John F. Kennedy
• In the 60s, at the age of 43, this man became
the youngest man ever elected president in
the US...
•
• Martin Luther King Jr.
• leader of a growing movement for racial
equality in the United States who led a march
on Washington D.C. to dramatize the African
American desire for equality...advocated the
action of passive disobedience
A FEW SOCIAL FACTORS OF COLD WAR AMERICA
•
• women's liberation
• movement a feminist movement in the late
60s
•
• Simone de Beauvoir
• her work was of great important to the
women's liberation movement...published
"The Second Sex"...