Transcript westward expansion - Mr. Condry`s Social Studies Site

WESTWARD EXPANSION
Mr. Condry’s Social Studies Class
WHY MOVE WEST?
1. Population growth in the eastern
states
2. Cheap, fertile land
3. Economic opportunity (gold
rush, logging, farming, freedom
(for runaway slaves)
WHY MOVE WEST?
4. Cheaper, faster transportation
(rivers and canals {Erie Canal},
steamboats, etc.)
5. Knowledge of overland
trails (Oregon &Santa Fe)
6. Belief in Manifest Destiny
(idea that expansion was
good and right for the country)
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
• Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) – increased
production of cotton & increased the need for
slaves to grow & pick it
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
• Reaper (Cyrus McCormick) – increased
production of the farmer
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
• Steamboat (Robert Fulton) – faster
transportation from Southern plantations
to factories of the North
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
• Steam locomotives – faster land transportation
Sturbridge Lion (imported England)
England)
John Bull (imported
WESTWARD EXPANSION
• Louisiana Purchase
• Florida
• Texas Annexation
• Oregon Country
• California (Mexican
Cession)
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
• Jefferson purchased land from Napoleon in 1803
• Cost 15 Million
• Doubled the size of
United States
Dollars
the
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION
• Lewis & Clark were hired to explore from
Mississippi River to Pacific Ocean
• Sacajawea
guide
was a
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION
• Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant
William Clark
• Journey lasted May 1804 to September
1806
• All but one man survived the trip.
Sergeant Charles Floyd died of infection
from a ruptured appendix
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION
• Primary objective
– to explore and to map the newly acquired
territory
– to find a practical route across the western
half of the continent
– to establish an American presence in this
territory before Britain and other European
powers tried to claim it
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION
• Secondary Objective Scientific and
economic:
– to study the area’s plants, animal life, and
geography
– To establish trade with local Native
American tribes.
Florida
• 1819 Florida was
purchased from Spain
• Adams-Onis Treaty also
known as the
Transcontinental treaty
REPUBLIC OF TEXAS
• Independent sovereign
country
• Existed from March 2, 1836
to February 19, 1846
• Stephen Austin “Father of
Texas”
• Sam Houston 1st president of
Texas
REPUBLIC OF TEXAS
• Alamo
– 13 day siege from General Antonio Lopez de Santa
Anna
– Killed all Texians
– Led to the Mexican
American War
– Davy Crockett
– Jim Bowie
The Annexation of Texas
• Texas annexed in
1845
• Becomes the 28th State
on December 29, 1845
• Tension expands
between Mexico and
the United States
MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR
• War between United Mexican states and United
States of America between 1846 to 1848
MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR
United States
Mexico
• Strengths
• Strengths
– 32,000 soldiers and
marines
– 59,000 militia
• Casualties
– 1,733 killed in battle
– 13, 283 total dead
• 34,000-60,000 soldiers
• Casualties
– 25,000 dead
– 6,000 killed in battle and
died from disease
– 4,000 civilians
– 15,000 died from all causes
MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR
• 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended
the major consequence of the war.
• U.S. agreed to pay $15 million
compensation for the physical damage of
the war.
• Increased the issue of Slavery in the United
States
OREGON COUNTRY
• Divided with Great
Britain – Britain got
British Columbia
• Contained states of
Washington, Oregon,
and part of Idaho
• Oregon Trail helped
people settle there
CALIFORNIA
• John C. Fremont
military Governor
• Part of the Mexican
Cession after the
Mexican War (1845)
• Sutter’s Mill
– Gold Rush of 1849
– Forty-niners
– Sacramento
The Gadsden Purchase
• Purchased from Mexico
because we thought that
we would build a
transcontinental
railroad there.
• Bought 1853
13 Colonies
COLOR YOUR MAP:
Old Northwest
Old Southwest
Louisiana
Purchase
Florida
Texas
Annexation
Oregon Country
Mexican
Cession
Not shown or colored on this map!
Gadsden
Alaska
Hawaiian
Purchase
Purchase
Annexation
MANIFEST DESTINY
Religion and Westward Expansion
• Missionaries were the first white permanent
settlers in Oregon
• Mormons would leave their settlement in
Ohio do to clashes with other settlers and
move west.
• Christianity would be taught to the natives
as a way of “fixing” the Native American
problem
ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT
• Most abolitionists demanded freedom for slaves
• Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong
– Morally wrong
– Cruel and inhumane
– A violation of the principles of democracy
• Leaders
– Harriet Tubman
– William Lloyd Garrison
– Frederick Douglass
SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT
• Supporters declared that “All men and women are
created equal.”
• Supporters believed that women were deprived of
basic rights.
–
–
–
–
Denied the right to vote
Denied educational opportunities
Denied equal opportunities in business
Limited in rights to own property
• Leaders
– Sojourner Truth
– Susan B. Anthony
– Elizabeth Cady Stanton