Transcript North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

 The
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
also called the (North) Atlantic Alliance, is an
inter governmental military alliance based on
the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on
4 April 1949.
 The organization constitutes a system of
collective defense whereby its member states
agree to mutual defense in response to an
attack by any external party.
 NATO's headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium,
one of the 28 member states across North
America and Europe, the newest of which,
Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009.
 An
additional 22 countries participate in NATO's
"Partnership for Peace", with 15 other countries
involved in institutionalized dialogue programs.
 The combined military spending of all NATO
members constitutes over 70% of the world's
defense spending
The Treaty of Brussels, signed on 17 March 1948 by
Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, and
the United Kingdom, is considered the precursor to
the NATO agreement.
 The treaty and the Soviet Berlin Blockade led to the
creation of the Western European Union's Defense
Organization in September 1948.
 However, participation of the United States was
thought necessary both to counter the military
power of the USSR and to prevent the revival of
nationalist militarism, so talks for a new military
alliance began almost immediately resulting in
the North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed in
Washington, D.C. on 4 April 1949.

 It
included the five Treaty of Brussels states
plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy,
Norway, Denmark and Iceland.
 The first NATO Secretary General, Lord Ismay,
stated in 1949 that the organization's goal was
"to keep the Russians out, the Americans in,
and the Germans down.
 The members agreed that an armed attack
against any one of them in Europe or North
America would be considered an attack against
them all.
Consequently they agreed that, if an armed attack
occurred, each of them, in exercise of the right of
individual or collective self-defence, would assist
the member being attacked, taking such action as it
deemed necessary, including the use of armed
force, to restore and maintain the security of the
North Atlantic area.
 This differs from Article IV of the Treaty of Brussels,
which clearly states that the response will be
military in nature.
 The
creation
of
NATO
brought
about
some standardization of allied military terminology,
procedures, and technology, which in many cases
meant European countries adopting U.S. practices

 The
roughly 1300 Standardization
Agreements codified many of the common
practices that NATO has achieved.

A Political Organization

A Military Organization

“NATO’s fundamental role and enduring
purpose is to safeguard the freedom and
security of its member countries by
political and military means.”
A
Political Organization
reinforcing security by reducing the risk of conflict
DIALOGUE /
CONSENSUS
DIPLOMACY
COOPERATION
A
Military Organization
when diplomatic efforts fail
COLLECTIVE
DEFENCE
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
OPERATIONS
MAINTAINING
ADEQUATE MILITARY
CAPABILITIES
1949
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United
Kingdom, United States
1952
Greece, Turkey
1955
Germany
1982
Spain
1999
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
2004
Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia
2009
Albania, Croatia
Democracy
Freedom
Solidarity
Rule of law
Well-being
Individual
liberty
Peace and
Stability
Common
Heritage
 United
Nations
 European Union
 Organization for Security and Co-operation
in Europe
 Council of Europe
 African Union
 Non-governmental organizations

Active cooperation on maintaining international
peace and security since early 1990s

NATO-UN Declaration (September 2008)
framework for expanded consultation and cooperation
between the two organizations

Consultation and cooperation in wide range of
areas
crisis management, civil-military cooperation, mine
action, civil emergency planning, arms control and nonproliferation, terrorism and new security challenges,
combating human trafficking and promoting the role of
women in peace and security
 1994:
European Security and Defence Identity
 1994:
Combined Joint Task Force concept
 2001:
Beginning institutionalized relations
 2003:
Berlin Plus Package

Basis for practical cooperation in crisis management
No military operations were conducted by NATO
during the Cold War. Following the end of the Cold
War, the first operations, Anchor Guard in 1990 and
Ace Guard in 1991, were prompted by the Iraqi
invasion of Kuwait.
 Airborne Early Warning aircraft were sent to
provide coverage of South Eastern Turkey, and later
a quick-reaction force was deployed to the area.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Intervention
 Kosovo Intervention
 Iraq War
 Afghanistan War
 Libya Intervention

 Missile
defence
 Terrorism
 Spread of weapons of mass destruction
 Cyber defence
 Energy security
 Alliance Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) system
to protect troops
 Missile defence for protection of NATO territory
& populations in Europe
 Missile defence cooperation with Russia
 Operation
Active Endeavour (2001)
 International Security Assistance Force (2003)
 Terrorist threat Intelligence Unit (2005)
 AWACS Surveillance missions
 Increased cooperation with Partners,
international organizations and global partners
 Adapted military capabilities (e.g. Programme
of Work for Defence Against Terrorism)
 Science for Peace and Security Programme
1. Consensus
decision-making
2. Civil and military structure
3. Delegations
4. Main bodies
5. NATO Secretary General
6. International Staff
7. International Military Staff
8. Military command structure
9. Agencies
10.Paying for NATO
An inter-governmental
organization where
decisions are taken
jointly by each member
country
Principle of consensus
applied at every
committee level

A national delegation per member country
at NATO HQ, Brussels

Status of an Embassy

Headed by an Ambassador or Permanent
Representative

North Atlantic Council
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
Nuclear Planning Group

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Key political decision-making body
Forum to discuss policy and operational questions
Chaired by Secretary General
Meets at different levels
Established by Article 9 of Washington Treaty
Ultimate authority with regard to nuclear policy issues
Reviews the Alliance’s nuclear policy in the light of changing
security environment
All members except for France
Chaired by NATO Secretary General
Military Committee
Senior military advisory authority
 Under authority of NAC and NPG
 Provides guidance to two strategic commanders
 Meets at different levels


Chairman selected by Chiefs of Staff for three-year term

Chairman of NATO’s senior committees
and decision facilitator

Spokesperson

Head of International Staff

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Advisory and administrative body
Supports work of Delegations
Divided into divisions
Staffed by nationals from member countries
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Advisory and administrative body
Supports work of Military committee
Divided into divisions
Staffed by nationals from member countries
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Production and logistics

Standardization

Communications

Research

Other agencies and organizations

Project offices

Reform Ongoing

Indirect Contributions

Direct Contributions - Principle of
Common Funding
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Civil budget
Military budget
NATO’s Security Investment Programme