Transcript Lusitania

Bell Work 4-6-15
1. What was the experience of most of the “new immigrants” who arrived in the
US from southern and eastern Europe in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
a. They lived in urban areas and most held low paying jobs
b. They obtained free land in the West and became farmers
c. They became discouraged with America and returned to their
homelands.
d. They were easily assimilated into mainstream American culture
Answer: a
2. The intent of the US immigration laws of the 1920s was to
a. Increase economic opportunities for immigrants
b. encourage cultural diversity
c. restore an open-door policy toward immigration
d. Restrict immigration through the use of quotas
Answer: d
Agenda
Notes/Discussion:
Key Focus:
 The United States enters World War I
 The Lusitania
 The Zimmerman Letter
 Effect on South Carolina and the
Model and Guided- Fill in Graphic organizer
Closure:
Independent Practice: Micro Lab
Reflection: Quiz questions
Reminders
 Study notes nightly
 Notecards due Friday
 Reports Cards (April 8)
Relevance
Have you ever been in a situation where someone
tried to get another person or friend of yours to
take sides against you?
Focus Statement
• Explain the reasons for United States
involvement in World War I and the war’s
impact on South Carolina
Key terms
• Allies- Great Britain, Russia, France, Italy and the
US
• Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary,
Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria
• The Lusitania- A British Passenger ship that was
torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat in 1915.
On board were 1959 people, 159 were US
citizens. 1198 died, 128 of the dead were US
civilians.
Key terms
• Germany’s Zimmerman Note- A telegram that British
cryptographers deciphered from German Foreign
minister Zimmerman to the German minister to Mexico,
offering US territory to Mexico in return for joining the
German cause.
Key terms
• Wilson’s Fourteen Points- A statement of the war aims of
the Allies made by president Wilson on January 8, 1918.
• The Sedition Act- a short-lived amendment to the U.S.
Espionage Act of 1917 that listed offenses deemed
criminal when the country is at war, including to
willfully obstruct military recruitment and to print, write,
or publish any disloyal or abusive language about the
form of the U.S. federal government
The First World War:
• Who?
Central Powers:
Allies:
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
Russia
France
Great Britain
Italy
Japan
United States (1917)
10
The First World War:
• Where?
11
Neutrality
• In the beginning the United States wanted to
remain neutral.
• The war was happening in Europe.
• Wilson was re-elected in 1916
››On the slogan “He kept us out of the war”
Why did it take so long for America to
get involved in the war?
• America had an attitude of isolationism
• “Why should I get involved in someone else’s
problems?”
13
Which side should the US pick?
Central Powers:
Allies:
•11 million German-Americans
•Irish-Americans hated Great
Britain
•Close cultural ties
•Shared transatlantic cables
(so censored stories)
•Big business loaned much $
to allies
US Exports to both sides:
Nations
Britain
France
Germany
1914
1915
1916
$594,271,863 $911,794,954 $1,526,685,102
$159,818,924 $364,397,170 $628,851,988
$344,794,276 $28,863,354
$288,899
14
Critical Thinking
Why would control of the seas
help trade?
What pulled America into the War
•
•
•
•
Unlimited Submarine (U-boat) warfare
The sinking of the Lusitania
Sussex Pledge is broken
The Zimmerman Telegram
What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Unlimited Submarine Warfare
•Britain blockaded
(stopped) all German
ships going to America
•Germany announced a
submarine war around
Britain
Y-53 German Submarine 1916
17
What did it take to get the US
involved?
1. Unlimited Submarine Warfare
•In May, 1915 Germany
told Americans to stay
off of British ships
•They could/would sink
them
18
What did it take to get the US involved?
2. Sinking of the Lusitania
•
•
•
•
The Sinking of the
Lusitania
British passenger
liner that set sail
from New York
carrying American
citizens.
It was sunk without
warning on May 7,
1915 off the coast of
Ireland
1,198 lost; 128 US
citizens
Germans claimed
the Lusitania was
carrying contraband
(war materials: guns,
ammunition…)
• She was!
German Propaganda Justifying Lusitania sinking
19
What did it take to get the US involved?
•The US sharply
criticized Germany
for their action
•Germany agreed
not to sink
passenger ships
without warning in
the future
Note in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster
21
What did it take to get the US involved?
Germany responded to Wilson's
demands on May 4 with what is
called the "Sussex Pledge."
German submarine policy would
henceforth be governed by
promises to:
end the sinking of passenger
ships
search merchant ships for
contraband
make provisions for passengers
and crews before sinking
merchant ships
22
Focus Statement
• Explain the reasons for United States
involvement in World War I and the war’s
impact on South Carolina
What did it take to get the US involved?
•1917 Germany
announced “unlimited
submarine warfare” in the
war zone
Why? Otherwise their
blockade would not be
successful
24
What did it take to get the US involved?
3. Russian Revolution
• March 1917-Russia left WWI due
to a Revolution in their own
country
• Germany now would concentrate
totally on the Western Front
• Pleas from Great Britain and
France to join the war effort
25
Focus Statement
• Explain the reasons for United States
involvement in World War I and the war’s
impact on South Carolina
What did it take to get the US involved?
4. Zimmerman Note
•US intercepted a note from Germany to
Mexico,
• If the U.S. entered War against
Central Powers, Mexico should
attack the U.S. and receive as a
reward: Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona.
27
Checking For Understanding
• What did Germany promise Mexico
in return for their alliance.
Focus Statement
• Explain the reasons for United States
involvement in World War I and the war’s
impact on South Carolina
Wilson’s Plan
• Called the 14 points
• Points 1-5-Remove the Causes of War
– Freedom of Seas
– Prohibit secret treaties
– Reduce Arms
– Reduce colonies
– Self-Determination-each person allowed to move
to country of their nationality
Wilson’s Plan
• Points 6-13-Boundary Changes
• Point 14-League of Nations
– Most valued-heart of peace plan
– Peace association-solve problems by diplomatic
means instead of war
Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points
Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points were first outlined in a speech Wilson gave to the American
Congress in January 1918. Wilson's Fourteen Points became the basis for a peace programme and
it was on the back of the Fourteen Points that Germany and her allies agreed to an armistice in
November 1918.
1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at").
2. Free navigation of all seas.
3. An end to all economic barriers between countries.
4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers.
5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial
6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop
her own political set-up.
7. Belgium should be independent like before the war.
8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine
9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along
clearly recognizable lines of nationality."
10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary.
11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for
the Balkan states.
12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in
the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves.
13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea.
14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial
independence of all states.
Checking For Understanding
• What was the purpose of
Wilson’s Fourteen Points.
How did the War Affect the US?
Women
•Women filled factory jobs
•May have led 19th Amendment after the war (Gave women the right to
vote)
African Americans
•Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units
•“Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans moved North to
work in factories
35
How did the War Affect the US?
Enforcing Loyalty
•Hatred of all things German
•Ex. “Liberty Cabbage”
•Espionage Act 1917 & Sedition Act of 1918 punished those against the
war (many labor leaders)
36
How Did WWI Impact SC?
Economically, South Carolina benefited from the war.
• New military bases were constructed at Camp Jackson (present-day Fort
Jackson) in Columbia and in Spartanburg and Greenville.
• The Charleston Navy Yard and the United States Marine Corps base at
Parris Island grew to meet the needs of wartime.
• All of these facilities brought federal dollars into the state and stimulated
the local economy, but they also reflected the segregated society of South
Carolina.
• Farmers throughout the country saw good times as prices rose for their
crops now in high demand for the war effort. This was particularly true for
South Carolina’s cotton farmers, including sharecroppers and tenant
farmers.
• Despite the improvement in the farm economy, many South Carolinians,
especially African Americans, were drawn to jobs in the war industries of
the North.
• Emigration to industrial jobs in the North continued a trend that first started
in the 1890s.
• African American emigrants found a degree of independence, community,
and economic opportunity that allowed their culture to flourish
CFU
How did WWI impact SC?
Critical Thinking
There is a saying that basically states
“A war goes a long way towards keeping a good economy”.
• How does this quote apply to cotton farmers in SC during the
WWI?
(For the first time in decades SC farmers were able to get out of debt
and have some money left over to expand and buy new equipment.)
• How would you think cotton would be used in WWI that brought
such prosperity?
(uniforms, bandages, sheets, knapsacks)
Focus Statement
• Explain the reasons for United States
involvement in World War I and the war’s
impact on South Carolina
8-6.1 Explain the reasons for the United States involvement in
World War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina and the
nation as whole
• Students will use informational text to find information to fill
in a graphic organizer explaining the reasons for the US’s
involvement in WWI and its impact on SC and the nation as
a whole.
• I Do: The teacher will model using informational text to find
relevant information to fill in part of the graphic organizer
• We Do: Work together finding relevant information about
the US’s involvement in WWI and its impact on SC and the
nation as a whole.
• You Do: The students will complete the graphic organizer
• Students will then share responses
Reasons for US
Involvement in WWI
Model and Guided
The United States declared neutrality at the outbreak of the war. However, various
factors challenged American neutrality and eventually led to the involvement of the
United States in what came to be known as the Great War. The traditional trading
partnership with Great Britain and the blockade of German ports by the British navy
severely limited American trade with Germany. American businesses made loans to
the Allies in order to continue trade. Public opinion was impacted by America’s
traditional connection to the British. The German use of the submarine affected
public opinion against Germany and alienated President Wilson, who was incensed
by the loss of innocent lives. The 1915 German U-boat’s sinking of the British
passenger ship, the Lusitania, brought about sharp protests from President Wilson
but did not bring the United States into the European war. Instead, Germany pledged
to restrict their use of submarines.
Explain the reasons for United States involvement in World
War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina
Reasons For US
Involvement in WWI
Impact of WWI on SC
Impact of WWI on
US
Focus Statement
• Explain the reasons for United States
involvement in World War I and the war’s
impact on South Carolina
Close
• List two reasons for the US’s involvement in
WWI
• How did the war impact SC?
Reflection
• You are a movie director and you have been asked to
create a movie script that describes events surrounding
the war.
• The script should answer questions: What started the
war? What were the two sides called? What countries
fought for each side? Why did the US get involved?
What were the end results of the war?
• Be sure to have a clip depicting how the war impact SC
• Use your notes as a reference
Materials Needed
 SC Standards
 Text book
 Informational Text
 Document Camera/Promethean Board
 PowerPoint
 Teacher Created Notes
 Teacher Created Graphic Organizers
 Video/Mill Life
 Primary Source Documents
 Study Guides/Test