Transcript File - Mr. Davis South Rowan High School American

AP United States History
Unit 9 Cold War & Conformity, 1945-1960
Origins of the Korean War
Civil War In Korea
Korea, pre-1950.
Annexed by Japan
in 1910, was ruled
by Japan until 1945.
Soviets would
invade, stay at the
38th parallel.
Origins of the Korean War
Civil War In Korea
A united Korea.
1947, free elections are
ordered by the United Nations.
Communists refuse to
participate in the elections.
Syngman Rhee elected
president, nation is recognized
by the United States and 30
other nations.
United States and the Allies
remove troops following the
election.
Origins of the Korean War
Civil War In Korea
June 1950, civil war
erupts in Korea.
Northern Korea
overrun by Communist
forces stationed in
China.
Begins to threaten the
more populace
southern Korea.
Origins of the Korean War
Truman Calls A Special Session Of The UN Security Council
Russia would walk
out, thereby forfeiting
their veto concerning
this issue.
Security Council votes
9-0 on a resolution
condemning the
invasion as aggression
and demanded
immediate withdrawal
of troops.
Origins of the Korean War
Truman Meets With Civilian and Military Advisors
Orders the 7th Fleet to
neutralize the potential
involvement of or
invasion of Taiwan.
General MacArthur is to
furnish arms and air
support from Japan.
House of Representatives
supports action taken by
Truman.
Origins of the Korean War
UN Security Council
Members of the U.N. are
to provide assistance to
South Korea.
Set up a unified U.N.
Command and invites the
U.S. to name a general.
19 nations respond with
troops, supplies, and
money.
• Called a “police action.”
Origins of the Korean War
UN Security Council
Problems with the U.N.
contingent.
No common language.
Some equipment is obsolete or
does not match other nations’
equipment.
Differences in tactics and no
true unified goal.
Shortage of time.
No training facilities established.
Outnumbered by North Korean
troops.
Origins of the Korean War
UN Security Council
Result: North Koreans
overrun most of South
Korea and U.N. forces
pushed to the port of
Pusan.
United States rushes in two
divisions from Japan.
Launches an amphibious
assault on the port of Inchon
behind the North Korean line.
Successfully encircles North
Korean troops.
Origins of the Korean War
UN Security Council
Turned the tide 15
September 1950 at Pusan.
Counteroffensive drives
North Korea back to the 38th
parallel.
Half of the invaders south
of the 38th parallel were
destroyed or captured.
Retakes the capital of
Seoul.
Communist Chinese Aggression
3 October 1950
Chinese release
statement.
China would not “sit
back with folded hands
and let the Americans
come to the border.”
“If U.S. or U.N. forces
crossed the 38th parallel,
China would send
troops to the frontier to
defend North Korea.”
Communist Chinese Aggression
MacArthur 's Reaction
Felt that there was very
little likelihood of
Chinese intervention.
U.S. controlled the skies.
If the Chinese army would
cross into Korea, the U.S.
Air Force would inflict “the
greatest slaughter in human
history.”
Bad command in U.S. Air
Force actually nearly
destroys U.S. forces.
Communist Chinese Aggression
MacArthur 's Reaction
United Nations forces
were driving North
Koreans toward the
Yalu River boundary
between North Korea
and Manchuria (a
province of China).
9 October 1950,
Americans are less
than 20 miles from the
border.
Communist Chinese Aggression
Impact Of MacArthur 's Miscalculations
The Chinese massed “one million volunteers.”
Part of the actual Chinese army, would join
forces with the North Koreans.
MacArthur launches an offensive on
Thanksgiving Day.
U.N. troops were caught in a trap by Chinese
and North Korean troops.
Lose nearly half of its forces at the Battle of Chosin
Reservoir.
U.S. counterattacks and the war becomes a bloody
stalemate.
A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment
This was a new kind of
war, so it needed new
tactics.
If Communist China was
going to ignore the U.N.
mandate and get involved,
then it needed to face the
consequences.
A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment
MacArthur’s
suggestion.
United States blockade
the coast of China.
Bomb the Chinese
mainland.
Aid Chiang Kai-shek
in an invasion of
mainland China from
Taiwan.
A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment :Reaction
Joint Chiefs of Staff
refuse the suggestion.
General Omar Bradley,
Chairman of the J.C.S.
• War with China would
be “wrong war in the
wrong place at the
wrong time with the
wrong enemy.”
A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment :Reaction
Congress was debating
whether to send more
troops.
Eisenhower, Supreme
Commander of N.A.T.O.,
returns to Washington to
appeal for more troops
and more money.
A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment :Reaction
January 1951.
Joint Chiefs of Staff
orders MacArthur and
Ridgway to restrict
activities to defense and to
not provoke a war with
China.
Stalemate results, but
Communist casualties rose
to over 1 million.
MacArthur & Truman Clash
MacArthur Disagrees With The JCS
Sends a letter to Congressman Joseph Martin,
Republican minority leader.
Says that an offensive was needed to ensure the
defeat of communism in Asia.
• “There is no substitute for victory.”
• Was a direct challenge to Truman’s foreign policy.
 The “containment policy” and “limited war” was not
working.
• Truman faces the challenge.
 Warns MacArthur about making public statements that
suggests criticism of official U.S. policy.
 As Commander-in-Chief, Truman was the boss and
MacArthur the worker.
MacArthur & Truman Clash
MacArthur's Dismissal
MacArthur would be
dismissed from his command.
Returns home to the states as a
hero.
Most Americans see wisdom in
his words.
Truman and the Democrats
would be viewed as
“appeasers” for not trying to
destroy communism in Asia
when we had a chance.
MacArthur & Truman Clash
MacArthur Disagrees With The JCS
MacArthur & Truman Meet
http://xbradtc.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/macandtruman1.jpg
MacArthur & Truman Clash
Armistice
Stalemate just north of
the 38th parallel.
Peace talks begin at
Panmunjon in July 1951.
Originally proposed by
the Soviet Union who did
not want to see its rival
China gain more power
in Asia or the United
States to have a win.
MacArthur & Truman Clash
Armistice
Action would drag on
for another two years
before the armistice was
signed.
During peace
negotiations, Eisenhower
threatens to extend the
war beyond Korea and
even use tactical atomic
weapons.
MacArthur & Truman Clash
Results For The United States
Casualty list.
Over 33,600 troops
dead, with another
110,000 injured or
M.I.A.
Economic cost: $15
billion.
MacArthur & Truman Clash
Results For The United States
Korea stays divided into
the 21st century.
Both sides would brutally
suppress political
opposition at home.
Rigid control over the
lives and liberties of the
people in both the North
and South.
• Actual loss for true
democratic principles.
MacArthur & Truman Clash
Impact: M*A*S*H
M*A*S*H TV Show
http://thesheaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/mash-tv-show-15.jpg
MacArthur & Truman Clash
Impact: M*A*S*H
Current North Korean DIC-Tator: Kim Jong Un
http://images.dangerousminds.net/uploads/images/HILTERSKINNY.jpg