Transcript What is “foreign policy?”

Week 6: October 3-7, 2016
Unit I: America as a World Power
(Ch. 10; 19-21)
Why are we here
this week?
1) Discuss American foreign policy: what was, is, and ought to be
America’s role in the world?
2) Read & examine Ch. 20: The Spanish-American War
3) Explore and discuss current events (Group #1 “sharing”)
4) Begin OHP and/or review America Claims an Empire (Lab 341/videos)
Homework: QuizMonday, 10/10/16…OHP proposal due too!
Read Ch. 20notes by Thursday
By Friday (Lab 341): Safari Montage video #1 (watch? Record NOTES)
Tuesday, October 4, 2016
I. Current Events
Describe examples of
how current events
reflect foreign policy.
NPR radio…“sharing” volunteers:
II. Socratic Circle: Foreign Policy
3-part “sharing” day!!!
r u E?
What was, is, and
ought to be America’s
role in the world?
Bi-monthly “sharing”…
student-selected topics…
worksheet in advance…
presentation to a group…
discussion of issues & ?s…
following a # order…
minor grade (25 points)
What was, is, and ought to be
America’s role in the world?
Informal “Socratic Circle” TODAY!
What was, is, and should be America’s role in the world?
(U.S. foreign policy: past, present, & future!)
At any given time, realism or idealism may dominate this
country's relations with other nations. However, most of the
time, U.S. foreign policy reflects a blend of the two schools of
thought.
• What WERE America’s original principles,
in terms of its foreign policy?
• How did U.S. foreign policy CHANGE in the 1800s?
(late 19th centuryearly 1900s)?
• What IS the U.S.A. doing TODAY, in terms of its
interaction with other nations?
• What SHOULD America be doing in the coming
decades of the 21st century?
Do your best to make a meaningful & respectful
contribution to an “intelligent conversation…”
What is “foreign policy?”
A country's foreign policy, also called the foreign relations policy, consists
of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national
interests and to achieve its goals within international relations milieu.
The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries.
In recent times, due to the deepening level of globalization and
transnational activities, the states will also have to interact with non-state
actors.
The aforementioned interaction is evaluated and monitored in attempts to
maximize benefits of multilateral international cooperation. Since the
national interests are paramount, foreign policies are designed by the
government through high-level decision making processes.
National interests accomplishment can occur as a result of peaceful
cooperation with other nations, or through exploitation. Usually, creating
foreign policy is the job of the head of government and the foreign minister
(or equivalent). In some countries the legislature also has considerable
oversight.
Why did WIKI make it sound so FOREIGN?!?!?!?!?!
Go to ALIVE!, p. 247
foreign policy
• the set of goals, principles, and practices that guide
a nation in its relations with other countries.
• realists and idealists shaped American foreign policy
during the 1800s.
• What would guide your “foreign policy” doctrine?
Pragmatism? Idealism? Both? Other?
What drives your decisions?
Regarding war & expansionism, what would you do?
What was, is, and should be America’s role in the world?
(U.S. foreign policy: past, present, & future!)
At any given time, realism or idealism may dominate this
country's relations with other nations. However, most of the
time, U.S. foreign policy reflects a blend of the two schools of
thought.
• What WERE America’s original principles,
in terms of its foreign policy?
• How did U.S. foreign policy CHANGE in the 1800s?
(late 19th centuryearly 1900s)?
• What IS the U.S.A. doing TODAY, in terms of its
interaction with other nations?
• What SHOULD America be doing in the coming
decades of the 21st century?
What is the thesis (point) of this political cartoon?
Which is closer to “pragmatism:”
realism or idealism?
• Realist: sees the world as it is and accepts it
as is - does not try to change anything.
Pragmatist: wishes the world was a better
place but recognizes what it actually is - tries
to improve things but recognizes that nothing
changes overnight and that some things will
never change.
•
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_major_differences_between_realism_and_pragmatism
diplomacy
• the art of conducting negotiations with other
nations.
• Diplomacy may lead to informal agreements as
well as treaties.
• A second tool is financial aid in the form of grants
or loans. Such aid can be used to support friendly
nations or influence their policies.
• A third tool is the threat or the use of armed
force.
realism
• in foreign policy, the belief that international
relations should be guided by pragmatic selfinterest-practical goals such as national defense
and access to resources
• From this perspective, foreign policy should
pursue practical objectives that benefit the
American people. Such objectives might include
national security, increased trade with other
nations, and access to overseas resources.
idealism
• in foreign policy, the belief that moral values
should influence international relations
• From this point of view, foreign policy should
be used to promote America's founding
ideals—particularly democracy, liberty, and
rights—to ensure a better world not just for
Americans, but for all people.
More terms foreign policy terms
• neutrality: the policy of not taking sides in
wars between other nations
• unilateralism: a policy of not seeking military
or political alliances with foreign powers
• Under this policy, the United States "went it
alone" in its relations with other countries. It
did not seek either military or political
alliances with foreign powers.
More terms foreign policy terms
• Monroe Doctrine:
the declaration by
President James
Monroe in 1823
warning European
powers against
future colonization
in the Western
Hemisphere or
interference in Latin
American republics
• Roosevelt added a
“corollary”
More terms foreign policy terms
• cede: to give up or grant land to another
country, typically by treaty
• imperialism: empire building
• protectorate: a nation protected and
controlled by a stronger nation
What was, is, and should be America’s role in the world?
(U.S. foreign policy: past, present, & future!)
At any given time, realism or idealism may dominate this
country's relations with other nations. However, most of the
time, U.S. foreign policy reflects a blend of the two schools of
thought.
• What WERE America’s original principles,
in terms of its foreign policy?
• How did U.S. foreign policy CHANGE in the 1800s?
(late 19th centuryearly 1900s)?
• What IS the U.S.A. doing TODAY, in terms of its
interaction with other nations?
• What SHOULD America be doing in the coming
decades of the 21st century?
Ch. 10: America Claims an Empire
answers to the “ttt” questions
Responses will vary but should include points similar to the following:
1. American imperialism was shaped by economic competition for raw materials
and new markets, political and military competition for power, and an ideology
that considered English culture superior to others.
2. The United States entered a war against Spain in 1898 and won Puerto Rico. It
also purchased the Philippines and took a dominant role in Cuba.
3. Puerto Rico became a territory of the United States, which chose its
government. In Cuba, the United States secured passage of a new constitution
that gave it the right to step in if it desired. In the Philippines, the United States
fought Filipinos seeking to win full independence.
4. Roosevelt asserted American power by leading negotiations to end a war
between Russia and Japan, by sending a fleet around the world, and by helping
Panama win independence so the United States could build the Panama Canal.
A
B
C
D
Viewpoint 1
Viewpoint 1 matches Cartoon D
paraphrased Lodge quotation:
European countries are expanding
overseas.
The United States should also try to
expand overseas.
D
Viewpoint 2
Viewpoint 2 matches Cartoon B
paraphrased Schurz quotation:
The United States should spread peace
throughout the world and be a friend
to other nations.
B
Viewpoint 3
C
Viewpoint 3 matches Cartoon C
paraphrased Strong quotation:
Due to their advanced civilization and Christian
beliefs, white, English-speaking people will
eventually control most of the world.
A
Viewpoint
4
Viewpoint 4 matches Cartoon A
paraphrased Mahan quotation:
The United States should strengthen its navy so
that it can defend American interests in the world.
Ch. 19: Setting a Course of Expansionism
• During the 1800s, U.S. foreign policy was guided by two goals. The first was to
keep the United States free of foreign alliances and out of foreign conflicts.
The second was to expand the United States across the North American
continent. As Americans began to look outward in the late 1800s, they
debated the nation's proper role in world affairs.
• Realism and idealism U.S. foreign policy is generally a blend of realism and
idealism. With realism, the focus is on practical concerns and national selfinterest. With idealism, the focus is on moral values and the spread of
American ideals.
• Neutrality and unilateralism Following the advice given by Washington in his
Farewell Address, the United States tried to stay neutral in foreign wars and
avoid alliances with other countries. The War of 1812 was fought in part to
defend American rights as a neutral nation.
• The Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine warned European powers that the
United States would view efforts to establish colonies in the Americas or
interfere with new Latin American republics as hostile to its interests.
• Continental expansion Following a policy of expansion through diplomacy, the
United States acquired the Louisiana Territory, Florida, Oregon Territory, and
Alaska. By winning the Mexican War, it gained vast lands in the Southwest.
• Overseas expansion In the late 1800s, the United States began to look overseas
for new territory and influence. At the same time, Americans began to debate
the role and value of overseas expansion.
Ch. 20: The Spanish-America War
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
As a result of its victory in the Spanish-American War, the United States became a
world power with overseas possessions. In the eyes of many, the United States had
become an imperialist nation.
Cuban revolt Cubans rose up against Spanish rule in the late 1800s, and many were
imprisoned in reconcentration camps. Many Americans sympathized with the Cubans'
plight.
Role of the press American newspapers exaggerated stories about the Cuban revolt to
play on American sympathies and sell papers. Yellow journalism helped push the
country toward war.
The de Lôme Letter and the USS Maine Two incidents increased tensions between the
United States and Spain. A letter from the Spanish ambassador criticizing President
McKinley, followed by the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor, incited American
anger.
A "splendid little war" After negotiations failed, Congress declared war on Spain. The
war, which lasted just four months, began in the Philippines and ended in Cuba and
Puerto Rico. Many volunteers fought with the U.S. forces, including Theodore
Roosevelt's Rough Riders. The most important battle of the war took place on San Juan
Hill, outside Santiago.
Arguing over imperialism The Treaty of Paris recognized the U.S. victory and left the
United States in possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Members of the
Anti-Imperialist League spoke out against the treaty, but it was eventually ratified by
the Senate.
Cuba and the Platt Amendment Although the Treaty of Paris granted independence to
Cuba, the United States maintained control over the island. The Platt Amendment
allowed the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs and establish military bases in
Cuba.
Ch. 21: Acquiring and Managing Global Power
• At the start of the 20th century, the United States was an imperialist nation
with overseas possessions. Three presidents—Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson—
developed foreign policies designed to expand American power and protect
American interests.
• Roosevelt Corollary President Roosevelt followed the Big Stick Policy in
foreign affairs. In 1904, he issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine. This policy called on the United States to use "international police
power" to promote order and security in the Western Hemisphere. The use of
force became a key element of foreign policy.
• Dollar Diplomacy President Taft's Dollar Diplomacy focused on economic
goals overseas. He emphasized the spread of American influence through
economic activity. But he also sent troops to protect American interests.
• Moral Diplomacy President Wilson favored a moral approach to foreign
policy. He wanted to spread democratic ideals overseas. Yet he also used force
to uphold American interests.
• Latin America The United States became deeply involved in Latin America in
the early 1900s. It helped Panama gain independence and built the Panama
Canal. It intervened in Mexico. It made Puerto Rico a U.S. possession.
• Asia and the Pacific The Philippines became a U.S. possession, and the United
States put down an independence movement there. It annexed Hawaii after
white planters overthrew the native monarchy. In China, it applied its Open
Door Policy to limit foreign control and maintain access to Chinese markets.
What was, is, and should be America’s role in the world?
(U.S. foreign policy: past, present, & future!)
At any given time, realism or idealism may dominate this
country's relations with other nations. However, most of the
time, U.S. foreign policy reflects a blend of the two schools of
thought.
• What WERE America’s original principles,
in terms of its foreign policy?
• How did U.S. foreign policy CHANGE in the 1800s?
(late 19th centuryearly 1900s)?
• What IS the U.S.A. doing TODAY, in terms of its
interaction with other nations?
• What SHOULD America be doing in the coming
decades of the 21st century?
Homework: READ Ch. 20, complete NOTES (back of worksheet)
QUIZ Ch. 10, 19-21 & OHP proposal (Monday)
By Friday (Lab 341): Safari Montage video #1 (watch? Record NOTES)
Wednesday, October 5, 2016
I. Current Event Sharing
Describe examples
of how current
events reflect
foreign policy.
II. Safari Montage Video #1
(time permitting)
The U.S. & the World (1865-1917)
Bi-monthly “sharing”…
student-selected topics…
worksheet in advance…
presentation to a group…
discussion of issues & ?s…
following a # order…
minor grade (25 points)
mi·nor·i·ty re·port
noun
• noun: minority report; plural noun: minority
reports
-a separate report presented by members of a
committee or other group who disagree with the
majority.
Be prepared to SHARE the CONSENSUS
(opinion/reaction), and the MINORITY REPORT!
http://safari.bucksiu.org/?p=bffcebd6-10d6-11e3-8fc4-002590d0cc50
The. U.S. & the World 1865-1917
From Safari Montage
The. U.S. & the World 1865-1917
From Safari Montage
U.S. & the World (1867-1917) Time Line
1867 — Secretary of State Seward negotiates the purchase of Alaska.
1869 — The transcontinental railroad is completed.
1883 — The United States begins constructing a powerful naval fleet.
1887 — Congress passes the Dawes Act.
1890 — Hundreds of Sioux are massacred at Wounded Knee.
1890 — Alfred Mahan publishes The Influence of Sea Power upon History.
1898 — The American battleship Maine explodes, killing over two hundred sailors.
1898 — The United States defeats Spain in the Spanish-American War.
1898 — Hawaii is annexed by the United States.
1901 — President McKinley is assassinated; Theodore Roosevelt becomes president.
1902 — The Philippine-American War ends; America controls the Philippines.
1903 — President Roosevelt issues his Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
1914 — The Panama Canal opens.
1914 — The Mexican Revolution begins.
1916 — Pancho Villa attacks the U.S.; General Pershing’s expedition into Mexico begins.
http://safari.bucksiu.org/?a=25736&ch=1&d=02233AA
U.S. & the World (1865-1917): An Introduction
http://safari.bucksiu.org/?a=25736&ch=3&d=02233AA
U.S. History: From Isolation to Empire
http://safari.bucksiu.org/?a=25736&ch=3&d=02233AA
U.S. History: From Isolation to Empire
:http://safari.bucksiu.org/?a=25736&ch=5&d=02233AA
The American Empire
http://safari.bucksiu.org/?a=25736&ch=6&d=02233AA
America in the Caribbean
http://safari.bucksiu.org/?a=25736&ch=7&d=02233AA
The Panama Canal
http://safari.bucksiu.org/?a=25736&ch=8&d=02233AA
The United States and Latin America
Homework: QUIZ prep begins tonight!
OHP proposal due Monday
Lab 341 tomorrow: Safari Montage video #1 (watch? Record NOTES)
Thursday, October 6, 2016
Describe the
“splendid little war.”
Ch. 20: Spanish-American War
Video & Audio clip(s) & notes “recap”
Describe the IMPACT of The Spanish-America War.
• As a result of its victory in the
Spanish-American War, the
United States became a world
power with overseas
possessions. In the eyes of
many, the United States had
become an imperialist nation.
Tell me about…
•Cuban revolt?
•Role of the press?
•The de Lôme Letter and
the USS Maine?
Cubans rose up against Spanish rule
in the late 1800s, and many were
imprisoned in reconcentration camps.
Many Americans sympathized with
the Cubans' plight.
American newspapers exaggerated
stories about the Cuban revolt to
play on American sympathies and
sell papers. Yellow journalism
helped push the country toward
war.
Two incidents increased tensions
between the United States and
Spain. A letter from the Spanish
ambassador criticizing President
McKinley, followed by the sinking of
the USS Maine in Havana harbor,
incited American anger.
Was the Spanish-America War “splendid?”
A "splendid little war?”
Tell me about…
•The argument
over imperialism?
•Cuba and the Platt
Amendment?
After negotiations failed, Congress declared
war on Spain. The war, which lasted just
four months, began in the Philippines and
ended in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Many
volunteers fought with the U.S. forces,
including Theodore Roosevelt's Rough
Riders. The most important battle of the
war took place on San Juan Hill, outside
Santiago.
The Treaty of Paris recognized the U.S. victory and
left the United States in possession of Puerto Rico,
Guam, and the Philippines. Members of the AntiImperialist League spoke out against the treaty, but
it was eventually ratified by the Senate.
Although the Treaty of Paris granted
independence to Cuba, the United States
maintained control over the island. The
Platt Amendment allowed the United
States to intervene in Cuban affairs and
establish military bases in Cuba.
Ch. 20: The Spanish-America War
• As a result of its victory in the Spanish-American War, the United
States became a world power with overseas possessions. In the eyes
of many, the United States had become an imperialist nation.
• Cuban revolt Cubans rose up against Spanish rule in the late 1800s, and
many were imprisoned in reconcentration camps. Many Americans
sympathized with the Cubans' plight.
• Role of the press American newspapers exaggerated stories about the
Cuban revolt to play on American sympathies and sell papers. Yellow
journalism helped push the country toward war.
• The de Lôme Letter and the USS Maine Two incidents increased
tensions between the United States and Spain. A letter from the
Spanish ambassador criticizing President McKinley, followed by the
sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor, incited American anger.
• A "splendid little war" After negotiations failed, Congress declared war
on Spain. The war, which lasted just four months, began in the
Philippines and ended in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Many volunteers
fought with the U.S. forces, including Theodore Roosevelt's Rough
Riders. The most important battle of the war took place on San Juan
Hill, outside Santiago.
• Arguing over imperialism The Treaty of Paris recognized the U.S.
victory and left the United States in possession of Puerto Rico, Guam,
and the Philippines. Members of the Anti-Imperialist League spoke out
against the treaty, but it was eventually ratified by the Senate.
• Cuba and the Platt Amendment Although the Treaty of Paris granted
independence to Cuba, the United States maintained control over the
island. The Platt Amendment allowed the United States to intervene in
Cuban affairs and establish military bases in Cuba.
Ch. 20: The Spanish-America War
• As a result of its victory in the Spanish-American War, the United States became a
world power with overseas possessions. In the eyes of many, the United States had
become an imperialist nation.
• Cuban revolt Cubans rose up against Spanish rule in the late 1800s, and many were
imprisoned in reconcentration camps. Many Americans sympathized with the Cubans'
plight.
• Role of the press American newspapers exaggerated stories about the Cuban revolt to
play on American sympathies and sell papers. Yellow journalism helped push the country
toward war.
• The de Lôme Letter and the USS Maine Two incidents increased tensions between the
United States and Spain. A letter from the Spanish ambassador criticizing President
McKinley, followed by the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor, incited American
anger.
• A "splendid little war" After negotiations failed, Congress declared war on Spain. The
war, which lasted just four months, began in the Philippines and ended in Cuba and
Puerto Rico. Many volunteers fought with the U.S. forces, including Theodore
Roosevelt's Rough Riders. The most important battle of the war took place on San Juan
Hill, outside Santiago.
• Arguing over imperialism The Treaty of Paris recognized the U.S. victory and left the
United States in possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Members of the
Anti-Imperialist League spoke out against the treaty, but it was eventually ratified by the
Senate.
• Cuba and the Platt Amendment Although the Treaty of Paris granted independence to
Cuba, the United States maintained control over the island. The Platt Amendment
allowed the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs and establish military bases in
Cuba.
Homework: STUDY for QUIZ…OHP proposal due Monday
THINK: Do I have a good person & era/event?
Describe your PREPARATION
for Monday’s QUIZ & the OHP
project.
E?
Computer Lab 341
Friday, October 7, 2016
I. Self-directed “Review”
Ch. 10 “ttt”…Video #1 (NOTES)…Ch. 19-21
II. Oral History Project
Preliminary research & proposal WORK
Ch. 10: America Claims an Empire
1. Name any two of the three factors that shaped American imperialism.
American imperialism was shaped by economic competition for raw materials and new
markets, political and military competition for power, and an ideology that considered
English culture superior to others.
2. Identify a former Spanish colony and BREIFLY explain how the US gained control of it.
The United States entered a war against Spain in 1898 and won Puerto Rico. It also
purchased the Philippines and took a dominant role in Cuba.
3. List & describe one example of how the US administered its newfound territories.
Puerto Rico became a territory of the United States, which chose its government. In
Cuba, the United States secured passage of a new constitution that gave it the right to
step in if it desired. In the Philippines, the United States fought Filipinos seeking to win
full independence.
4. Describe one way that President Theodore Roosevelt asserted American power.
Roosevelt asserted American power by leading negotiations to end a war between
Russia and Japan, by sending a fleet around the world, and by helping Panama win
independence so the United States could build the Panama Canal.
What is OHP?
• Activity: Students will create an oral history project by
researching an event or era in American history and interviewing
a person who was a participant or witness to that event.
• Students will collaborate with other students to create a list of
interview questions and use those questions to interview a
person about their life.
• Students will use the information from the recorded interview to
create a product that demonstrates their understanding of the
interviewee’s experience within the context of the historical time
period.
• Requirements: Students will work collaboratively on the task but
must turn in an individual product for the final grade.
OHP is a GREAT
&
CHALLENGING
project!
OHP proposal is a MINOR
grade, but a “MAJOR
misstep” if NOT completed
THOUGHTFULLY!
What is Oral History?
• http://youtu.be/6sOmEpj2STM
(For HOME use ONLY)
• ALL the videos are saved in OHP file in Robinson SHARES folder
• You will WATCH them all eventually, but review the first THREE today.
• You will watch the other videos about writing interview questions & conducting the
interview later.