Transcript The Rise of Abolitionism and the Texas War of Independence

The Rise of Abolitionism and the
Texas War of Independence
Unit 5, Lesson 4
Essential Idea
• Abolitionism grew but gained little traction
until after the United States considered
annexing Texas.
Early Opposition to
Slavery
• Early Opposition to Slavery:
• Slavery was abolished in all northern
states during or soon after the
American Revolution
• Many southerners admitted slavery
was a “necessary evil” because their
economy depended on slavery
• Early Ideas on Ending Slavery:
• Gradualism—many Americans
supported ending slavery GRADUALLY
and compensating the owners
• Colonization—some also supported
moving blacks back to Africa (did not
work well)
Abolitionism Begins
• Abolitionism Begins:
• After the Second Great
Awakening, some
northerners saw
slavery as a sin
needing reform
• Abolition—complete,
immediate
emancipation
(freeing) of slaves
Major Abolitionists
• 1. David Walker
• Free black
northerner who
promoted violence
to end slavery
• 2. Sojourner Truth
• Ex-slave woman
who promoted both
abolition AND
women’s rights
Major
Abolitionists
• 2. William Lloyd
Garrison
• White
northerner who
started the
newspaper, The
Liberator
• He aggresively
promoted
abolition and
the use of
violence if
necessary
Major
Abolitionists
• 4. Frederick Douglass
• Ex-slave who escaped
north and wrote an
autobiography
exposing slave life
• Douglass
• He became the leading
black abolitionist that
was known for his
writing
• He supported women’s
rights also
• Abolitionism
Resistence from Slaves
• Non-Violent Slave Resistence:
• Slaves resisted by sabatoging equipment and engaging in
work slow downs
• Underground Railroad—a secret, informal organization
that helped thousands of slaves escape the South
• Harriet Tubman—this “railroad conductor” returned
south over a dozen times to help over 70 slaves escape
• Underground Railroad
Slave Rebellions
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Violent Slave Resistence:
Slaves sometimes resorted to
violence
Nat Turner’s Rebellion—Turner, a
slave minister, led an armed
rebellion that killed over 50 white
men, women, and children
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Consequences:
Slaves outnumbered whites in
many areas
Southern whites, fearful of more
rebellions, passed stricter slave
codes to keep control
Southerners feared the
consequences of abolitionism
Quelling Slave Rebellion
Reactions to Abolitionism: North
• Northern Reaction:
• MIXED—most
northerners were
NOT abolitionists
• Reasons:
• Northern textile mills
needed southern
cotton
• Many feared exslaves
would move north to
“steal” factory jobs
• Many feared
abolition would start
civil war
Reactions to Abolitionism: South
• Southern
Reaction:
• NEGATIVE—
southerners hated
abolitionists
• Reasons:
• Southerners
NEEDED slavery to
support their
cotton-based
economy
• Southerners
started calling
slavery a “positive
good” not a
“necessary evil”
Reactions to Abolitionism: Overall
• Overall Reaction:
• Overall, the country was indifferent to or against abolition AT FIRST
• Later, the North and South disagreed on if slavery could expand west as
the country grew
• The issue of annexing (bringing in) Texas began the rise in tension over
slavery
Texas
• Texas:
• Present-day California,
New Mexico, and Texas
were states of Mexico
• Mexico let Americans
move to Texas to boost
its population
• Mexico wanted them
to adopt Mexican
culture, but Texas
became more
American
Texas Declares
Independence
• Reasons Tension Rose:
• 1. Texans felt more loyal to
the United States
• 2. Many Texans owned
slaves, which Mexico
outlawed
• 3. The President of Mexico
(Antonio Lopez de Santa
Anna) declared himself
dictator
• Independence Declared:
• Stephen Austin helped
organize an army
• Sam Houston took
command of the Texas army
• Texas declared
independence in 1836
• Texas and Independence
Texas War of Independence:
Battle of the Alamo
• Event 1:
• Battle of the
Alamo—the
Mexican army
(1,800)
surrounded
Texan forces
(189) at the
Alamo
• Despite being
outnumbered,
the Texans
held off the
Mexicans for
13 days
Texas War of Independence:
Battle of the Alamo
• The Mexican
army killed
every Texan
• Signficance:
• The battle
bought Houston
time to build his
army
• The Alamo and
Goliad
Texas War of Independence:
Battle of San Jacinto
• Event 2:
• Battle of San Jacinto—Houston’s army ambushed the Mexicans as
they slept
• Yelling, “Remember the Alamo,” they won in under 20 minutes
The Republic of Texas is Born
• Significance:
• Santa Anna was forced to recognize Texas’ independence as a new country
• Battle of San Jacinto and Independence
Texas and Slavery
• Consequences of
Texas
Independence:
• Texas wanted to be
annexed by the
United States
• The North did not
want Texas, which
had slavery, to
become a new slave
state
• Tension over slavery
started to increase
• Tension increased
between the United
States and Mexico
over annexing Texas