Transcript Ch. 22-World War I and the 1920s

CH. 22-WORLD
WAR I AND THE
1920S
Lessons
The Zimmermann Telegram
■ 1. The proposed alliance between
Germany and Mexico would go into
effect when the United States entered
World War I, should that occur.
■ 2. Germany promises Mexico financial
support and help in reclaiming or
reconquering Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona.
■ 3. The “you” refers to the German
ambassador in Mexico. The sentence means
that the German ambassador is in charge of
working out the details of the agreement
with Mexico.
■ 4. The telegram most likely ends with a
mention of possible peace between
Germany and England to calm Mexico’s
fears of attacks by England or to boost
confidence in Germany’s military strength.
Critical Thinking
■ 5. Given the contents of the telegram, it
appears Germany was very confident
the United States would enter World
War I. Because most of the fighting in
World War I took place in Europe,
Germany would have had little to gain
from an alliance with Mexico otherwise.
Lesson 1-Texans and the War
Expedition to Mexico
■Main Idea: The United States
becomes involved in the
Mexican Revolution.
■Detail: Pancho Villa is angered
by U.S. support for the Mexican
government.
■Detail: Pancho Villa leads men
across the U.S.-Mexico border to
raid Columbus, New Mexico.
■Detail: President Wilson
orders General Pershing to
pursue and capture Villa.
■Detail: The Mexican
government is angered by the
presence of U.S. troops in
Mexico
The United States Enters World
War I
■ 1. Much of Europe was
involved in a terrible war that
began in 1914.
■ 2. In early 1917, German
submarines sank more ships
carrying American
passengers.
■3. In January 1917, German
foreign minister Arthur
Zimmermann sent a coded
telegram to Mexico asking the
Mexican president to side with
Germany against the U.S. if war
broke out.
■4. President Wilson asked
Congress to declare war on
Germany in April 1917.
■5. Nearly all the American
soldiers who flew military planes
during the war trained at Kelly
Field in San Antonio.
World War I and the 1920s
■ 6. False; The 36th Division was
made up primarily of members of the
Texas National Guard.
■ 7. False; About 370,000 African
Americans were recruited into the
army, many from Texas
■ 8. True
■9. False; Mexicans living in
Texas who were not
American citizens were not
required to serve in the
military.
■10. True
World War I and the 1920s
■ Samuel M. Sampler: singlehandedly knocked out a German
machine gun position
■ David E. Hayden: tended to
wounded comrades while under
fi re and carried a fellow
American soldier to safety
■ Colonel Edward M. House: helped
write the terms of the peace treaty
that followed the war
■ Albert Sidney Burleson: served as
postmaster general of the United
States; directed the wartime
operation of the national telephone
and telegraph system
■ Thomas Watt Gregory: served as
the U.S. attorney general under
President Wilson
■ 11. Some Texans gained a broadened
view of the world and were exposed to
other cultures and points of view. Some
received more education and training,
and many received their first medical
and dental care during their service.
■ 12. African Americans experienced less
prejudice in Europe than in the United
States.
The Home Front
■ 1. Texans bought war bonds to help the U.S.
government pay for the war.
■ 2. Many Texans did not eat wheat on
Mondays and Wednesdays because wheat
was in short supply during the war and it
was rationed to make sure soldiers
overseas had enough to eat.
■ 3. Many Texas women worked as
nurses and farmers and in factories.
■ 4. German American farmers in the
town of Brandenburg changed the
town’s name to Old Glory to
demonstrate their loyalty to the United
States.
■ 5. Sauerkraut was renamed “liberty
cabbage” and frankfurters briefly
became “liberty sausages.”
Lesson 3-The Roaring Twenties
Changing Lifestyles
■Cause: The economy
boomed during the
1920s.
■Effect: Many people had
extra money to spend
■Cause: Companies began
marketing products
nationwide.
■Effect: Advertisers used
clever methods to create
demand for products.
■Cause: Students in Texas
learned about radio
transmissions using wireless
technology.
■Effect: By 1922, commercial
radio stations had spread
across Texas.
■ 1.Commercial radio stations could be found in
Amarillo, Dallas, Fort Worth, Galveston, Houston,
San Antonio, and Waco. Texans contributed to the
development of jazz and other American musical
styles. Blues guitarists Henry Thomas, “Blind”
Lemon Jefferson, and Huddy “Leadbelly” Ledbetter
helped shape the blues tradition. Marion Slaughter
recorded the first country record to sell a million
copies. Mexican American musicians Santiago
Jiménez and La Familia Mendoza became
recording stars in the United States and Mexico.
The San Antonio area became a popular site for
filming movies.
Social Values and Political
Issues
■ 1. True
■ 2. False; Annie Webb Blanton
was chosen as state
superintendent of public
instruction.
■ 3. True
■ 4. True
■ 5. False; Relatively few women
became doctors, lawyers,
engineers, or ministers.
■ 6. Racial and ethnic tensions
increased in the 1920s.
■ 7. Many African Americans worked
as unskilled laborers, and many
African American women worked
domestic jobs.
■ 8. Mexican Americans contributed to
Texas’s economy by helping the state’s
agricultural industry to grow.
■ 9. Nativism is the belief that original
residents should be favored over
immigrants.
■ 10. The Ku Klux Klan is a secret
organization first formed during
Reconstruction whose members
believe in white supremacy.
■ 11. The state Bar of Texas, Chambers
of Commerce, the American Legion,
and the Daughters of the American
Revolution were social and civic groups
that opposed the Klan publicly.
■ 12. Miriam “Ma” Ferguson won the
race for governor of Texas on an antiKlan platform. Dan Moody, another
anti-Klan politician, succeeded her as
governor.
Lesson 3 Oil and Industry
Wartime and Peacetime Economy
■ Cause: The demand for cotton
fell when World War I ended.
■ Effect/Cause: The price of cotton
fell.
■ Effect: Farmers grew more cotton
to try to increase their income.
■
■1. False; By 1930, more than
half of all farmers were
tenant farmers.
■2. True
■ 3. True
■ 4. False; The demand for
horses and cattle collapsed
when the war ended.
■ 5. True
Recovering From Postwar
Depression
■ 1. Many rural Texans headed for the cities in
search of work.
■ 2. Petroleum refining became the key
growth industry in Texas from 1900 through
World War I.
■ 3. After the war, the clothing manufacturing
industry expanded, primarily in Dallas.
■4. While demand for cotton and
cattle fell, American automakers
were selling more and more
cars.
■5. By the end of the 1920s,
more than one-fourth of all
manufacturing workers in the
Houston area worked in oil
industry jobs.
■ 6. The number of cars in Texas
increased dramatically during the
1920s, and traffic laws were
needed to control the large
numbers of vehicles and their
drivers.
■ 7. The Texas Highway Department
was created to take advantage of
federal money for states to build
roads and highways.