Transcript ABC Book of US History

AbolitionistA person who strongly favors
doing away with slavery.
AbstainNot to take part in some activity,
such as voting.
AnnexTo add a territory to one’s own
Territory.
AmbushA surprise attack.
BackcountryA region of hills, and forests
west of the tidewater.
BoycottTo refuse to buy items from a
particular country.
Blockade runnerShip that sails into, and out of a
blockade area.
BureaucracySystem in which non-elected officials carry out
laws, and policies.
Cabinet-
A group of advisers to the
president.
Cede-
To give up by treaty.
Californios-
Mexicans who lived in California.
Census-
Official count of population.
DebtorPerson or country that owes
money.
DepreciateTo fall in value.
DecreeAn order or decision give by
one in authority.
DesertTo leave without permission.
Effigy-
EmancipateTo free from slavery.
Rag figure representing an
unpopular individual.
Embargo-
An order prohibiting trade with another
Country.
ExportTo sell goods abroad.
Freedman-
FamineAn extreme shortage of food.
A person freed from slavery.
Frigate-
is any of several types of warship, the term
having been used for ships of various sizes and
roles over the last few centuries.
FugitiveRunaway or trying to runaway.
Genocide-
To deliberate destruction of a
racial, political, or cultural
group.
Global warming-
A steady increase in average world
temperatures.
Greenback-
A piece of United Stats paper money first
issued by North in Civil War.
Guerilla tacticsReferring to surprise attacks or raids rather
than organized warfare.
Hamilton, Andrew-
Habeas CorpusA legal order for an inquiry to
determine whether a person has
been lawfully imprisoned.
A Scottish lawyer in Colonial
America, best known for his legal
victory on behalf of printer and
newspaper publisher John Peter
Zenger.
Howe, Elias-
Was an American inventor and sewing
machine pioneer.
Human RightsRights regarding as belonging to all persons
, such as freedom unlawful imprisonment,
Torture, and execution.
“ I have a Dream” speech-
A 17 minute public speech by
Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered on
August 28, 1963, in which he called
for racial equality and an end to
discrimination.
ImmigrantsA person who comes to live
permanently in a foreign country.
Import-
To buy goods from foreign markets.
InflationA continuous rise in the price of goods, and
services.
Jackson, Andrew-
The seventh President of the United
States, he started the modern democratic
party.
Joint occupation-
The possession and settling of an area
shared by two or more countries.
Jefferson, Thomas-
The third President of the United States
,and the principal author of the Declaration
of Independence. An influential Founding
Father.
Judicial review-
The right of the supreme court to determine if
a law violates the Constitution.
Keller, Helen-
She was an American author, political
activist, and lecturer. She was the first
deaf/blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts
degree.
Kennedy, John F.-
He was the 35th President of the United States,
assassinated, after one term influential speaker.
Key, Francis Scott-
He was a American lawyer, author, and amateur
poet, from Georgetown, who wrote the lyrics to
the United States' national anthem, "The StarSpangled Banner". Kansas-Nebraska Actcreated the territories of
Kansas and Nebraska,
opened new lands that
would help the settlers
settle in them, repealed the
Missouri Compromise of
1820, and allowed settlers
in those territories to
determine if they would
allow slavery within their
boundaries and to settle
there.
Landslide-
An overwhelming victory.
Legislative branch-
Lee, Robert E.-
He was a career military officer who is best
known for having commanded the Confederate
Army of Northern Virginia in the American
Civil .
Loyalists-
The branch of government that makes the
nation’s laws.
American colonists who remained loyal with
Great Britain, and opposed the war for
independence.
Majority-
More than half.
Manumission-
The freeing of some enslaved persons.
Manifest Destiny-
The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the
expansion of the US throughout the American
continents was both justified and inevitable .
Mason, George-
He was an American Patriot, statesman and a
delegate from Virginia to the U.S.
Constitutional Convention.
Nullify-
To cancel or make ineffective.
Nineteenth Amendment-
to the United States Constitution prohibits any
United States citizen to be denied the right to
vote based on sex.
New Jersey plan-
was a proposal for the structure of the United
States Government proposed by William
Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on
June 15, 1787.
Nixon, Richard M.-
was the 37th President of the United States, he served as
the 36th Vice President of the United States, the only
person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the
Vice Presidency. A member of the Republican Party, he
was the only President to resign from office.
Oregon Country-
was a predominantly American term referring
to a disputed ownership region of the Pacific
Northwest of North America.
Ordinance-
A law or regulation.
Otis, James-
was a lawyer in colonial Massachusetts, a
member of the Massachusetts Legislature, and
an early advocate of the political views that led
to the American Revolution.
Offensive-
Position of attacking, or the attack itself.
Paine , Thomas-
was an author, pamphleteer, radical, inventor,
intellectual, revolutionary, and one of the
Founding Fathers of the United States.
Perjury-
Lying when one has sworn an oath to tell the
truth.
Partisan-
Favoring one side of an issue.
Preamble-
Introduction to a formal document,
especially the Constitution.
Quebec act-
Set up a permanent government for Quebec,
and granted religious freedom for French
catholic's.
Quakers-
members of the Religious Society of Friends,
a faith that emerged as a new Christian
denomination in England during a period of
religious turmoil in the mid-1600's.
Quartering of troops-
Third amendment, no soldier shall, in time of
peace be quartered in any house, without the
consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in
a manner to be prescribed by law.
Quebec, Battle of-
fought on December 31, 1775 between
American Continental Army forces and the
British defenders of the city of Quebec, early in
the American Revolutionary War.
Republic-
Government in which citizens rule through
elected representatives.
Rush-Bagot treaty-
United States, and GB agreed to set limits on
number of naval vessels each could have on
Great Lakes, provided removal of weapons
along border between U.S, and British Canada.
Revenue-
Incoming money.
Ratify-
To give approval to.
Secede-
To leave or to withdraw.
Suffrage-
Right to vote.
Secession-
Withdrawal from Union.
Second amendment-
Right to bear arms.
Tariff-
A tax on imports.
Twelfth amendment-
Election of president, and vice- president,
provides for electoral college to use separate
ballots, in voting for president, and vicepresident.
Temperance -
The use of little or no alcohol.
Toleration-
The acceptance of different beliefs.
Unalienable rightsUnconstitutional -
A right that cannot be surrendered.
Not agreeing, or consistent with the
Constitution.
UtopiaCommunity based on a vision of a perfect
society sought by reforms.
Underground RailroadA system that helped enslaved AfricanAmericans follow a network of escape routes
out of South, and to freedom in the North .
Vaquero-
Veto Hispanic ranch hand.
Vigilantes-
People who take the law into their own
hands.
To reject a bill, and prevent it from
becoming a law.
Vertical integrationThe combining of companies that
supply equipment and services
needed for a
particular industry.
Washington, Georgewas the dominant military and political leader of the new
United States of America from 1775 to 1799. He led the
American victory over Britain in the American
Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental
Army in 1775–1783, and he presided over the writing of the
Constitution in 1787
Washington, Martha was the wife of George Washington, the first president of
the United States. Although the title was not coined until
after her death, Martha Washington is considered to be the
first ,First Lady of the United States. During her lifetime,
she was known as "Lady Washington".
Writs of assistancea written order issued by a court instructing a
law enforcement official, such as a sheriff, to
perform a certain task.
War Hawksa word originally used to describe members of
the Twelfth Congress of the United States who
advocated waging war against the British in the
War of 1812.
XYZ affaira diplomatic event that strained relations between France and the United
States, and led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi-War
YankeeUnion soldier.
Yellow journalismA type of sensational, biased, and
often false reporting.
YeomanSouthern owner of a small farm who did not
have enslaved people.
Yorktown, Battle ofThe final battle of the American Revolution the
Americans win in 1781
Zenger, John PeterFaced charges of libel for printing a critical report about royal government of New York.