Transcript Fall Semester Exam Review - Judson Independent School District

Fall Semester Exam Review
2011
Fall Semester Exam Review
• Why did homesteaders on the Great
Plains build “soddies” and “dugouts”?
Why did homesteaders on the Great
Plains build “soddies” and “dugouts”?
•They used what building materials were
Available (“sod”) there were very few trees
What did the defeat of William Jennings
Bryan in the 1896 Presidential election
mean for the Populist Party?
The end of the Populist Party
1892 Candidate for Populist Party
What were the aims of the Populist
Party Platform
What were the aims of the Populist
Party Platform
•
•
•
•
Direct Election of Senators
Graduated Income Tax
Free coinage of silver
Government ownership of transportation
and communication systems
• Abolition of national banks
Did the Populists achieve any of
the following aims?
•
•
•
•
Direct Election of Senators
Graduated Income Tax
Free coinage of silver
Government ownership of transportation
and communication systems
• Abolition of national banks
What were the aims of the Populist
Party Platform
• *Direct Election of Senators (16th
Amendment)
• *Graduated Income Tax (17th Amendment)
• Free coinage of silver
• Government ownership of transportation
and communication systems
• Abolition of national banks
*passed during the Progressive Era
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
• The French term laissez-faire literally
means "to let people do as they wish."
Thus, supporters of laissez-faire capitalism
do not want the government to interfere in
business matters, or if governments do
involve themselves in business matters, to
keep government influence to a minimum.
Choose the strongest supporters of
laissez-faire capitalism
• Hoover
or FDR
?
• Liberal
or
conservative?
• Democrat or Republican?
When did laissez-faire capitalism
have the greatest influence on the
United States economy?
• Before 1930 or after 1930?
Choose the strongest supporters of
laissez-faire capitalism
• Hoover
or FDR
?
• Liberal
or
conservative?
• Democrat or Republican?
When did laissez-faire capitalism
have the greatest influence on the
United States economy?
• Before 1930 or after 1930?
What was the impact of the
Transcontinental railroad?
What was the impact of the
Transcontinental railroad?
• Made travel easier between the east
coast and west coast of the United
States
• Attracted large numbers of settlers
to the Great Plains
• Allowed plains farmers to ship their
products to market and buy
manufactured goods from east coast
markets
• Led to the destruction of the Buffalo
and movement of the Plains Indians
onto reservations
What is Social Darwinism
What is Social Darwinism
• Social Darwinists
argued that the
fittest or wealthiest
and most intelligent
individuals in
society would
prevail. It gave rise
to the slogan
“survival of the
fittest.”
Define Monopoly
Give an example of a Monopoly
Define Monopoly
• Exclusive control by one company of the
means of producing or selling a good
Give an example of a Monopoly
• Rockefellers Standard Oil and the
American Tobacco Company during the
Gilded Age
What is the difference between the Knights of
Labor and American Federation of Labor (AFL)
What is the difference between the Knights of
Labor and American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Knights of Labor
1. Terrance Powderly
2. First national union
3. Membership open to
everyone (even women
And blacks)
4. Haymarket Affair put
an end to it
AFL
1. Samuel Gompers
2. A craft union of skilled workers
3. Focused more on workers rights
Both fought for
workers rights
Define the following terms related
to immigration
•
•
•
•
Nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act
Gentleman’s Agreement
Americanization
Nativism
• The policy of protecting the interests of
native born Americans against those of
immigrants. The Chinese Exclusion Act
and National Origins Act are examples of
nativist legislation
Nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act
Chinese Exclusion Act
• The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first major
law restricting immigration to the United States.
It was enacted in response to economic fears,
especially on the West Coast, where native-born
Americans attributed unemployment and
declining wages to Chinese workers whom they
also viewed as racially inferior. It halted Chinese
immigration for ten years and prohibited Chinese
from becoming US citizens. The law was later
extended for another ten years before becoming
permanent in 1902.
Gentleman’s Agreement
Gentleman’s Agreement
• (1907), U.S.-Japanese understanding, in which Japan
agreed not to issue passports to emigrants to the United
States, except to certain categories of business and
professional men. In return, President Theodore
Roosevelt agreed to urge the city of San Francisco to
rescind an order by which children of Japanese parents
were segregated from white students in the schools.
• the San Francisco school board repealed the
segregation order, but the bias and discrimination
against Japanese in California continued.
Americanization
Americanization
• It was a movement designed to assimilate
people of wide-ranging cultures into the
dominant, American culture. Schools
provided programs to teach immigrants
skills needed for citizenship.
What are some of the push and pull factors
for immigrants coming to the United States
What is the major pull factor (reason)
immigrants come to the United States?
What are some of the push and pull factors
for immigrants to the United States
What is the major pull factor (reason)
immigrants come to the United States?
Jobs (economic opportunity)
Define Sherman Antitrust Act
Define Sherman Antitrust Act
• A federal law passed in 1890 that committed the
American government to opposing monopolies
(trusts) and unfair competition in business.
• Under the authority of the Sherman Antitrust Act,
the federal government initiated suits against the
Standard Oil Company and the American
Tobacco Company.
• Microsoft, AT&T, Apple, and Google have all
been charged with violating antitrust laws and
unfair competition in recent times
Define Progressive Era
• An era marked by middle class political,
social and economic reform at the local,
state, and national levels of government
Problems Solved
• The following slides pose problems faced
by the Progressive reformers of the early
1900’s. Explain how they solved each of
the problems
Problem?
• People had no say in what bills lawmakers
would consider
Solution
• Initiative- Allows voters to petition state
legislatures in order to consider a bill
desired by citizens.
Problem?
• Voters could not accept or reject an
initiative by lawmakers
Solution
• Referendum- Allows voters to decide if a
bill or proposed amendment should be
passed.
Problem?
• Voters were stuck with a bad politician
until their term ran out
Solution
• Recall- Allows voters to petition to have
an elected representative removed from
office.
Problem?
• With lower tariff laws the government had
to find a new source of revenue
Solution
• 16th Amendment passed giving
government the right to tax incomes
Problem?
• Senators were chosen by corrupt big
businesses
Solution
• 17th Amendment- Provided for the direct
election of U.S. Senators.
Problem?
• husbands
were spending
their family’s
saving on
alcohol instead
of essential
items, e.g.
Education.
That problem
led to family
arguments,
which
eventually led
to divorce.
Solution
• 18th Amendment- banned the
manufacture, sale, and transportation of
alcohol
repealed by the 21st
Amendment in 1933. In
the over 200 years of the
U.S. Constitution, the 18th
Amendment remains the
only Amendment to ever
have been repealed.
Problem?
• Women could not vote
Solution
• 19th Amendment- Provided women
suffrage (voting).
Problem?
• Meatpacking industry was selling meat
that was unclean and unsafe for public
consumption
Solution
• Meat Inspection Act 1906- In direct
response to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle,
this law required that meat processing
plants be inspected to ensure the use of
good meat and health-minded procedures.
Why was Woodrow Wilson elected
President in 1912
Why was Woodrow Wilson elected
President in 1912
Taft and Teddy Roosevelt
split the Republican vote
Why was Woodrow Wilson elected
President in 1916
Why was Woodrow Wilson elected
President in 1916
In the midst of World War I, he ran for reelection with the slogan, "He Kept Us Out
of War."
What were the American Expeditionary Forces
What were the American Expeditionary Forces
• American
Expeditionary
Forces (A.E.F.), the
official designation
for United States
troops serving in
Europe in World
War I. General
John J. Pershing
commanded the
A.E.F. throughout
its service.
John J. Pershing
What was the Open Door Policy?
Open Door Policy
• In 1890 Secretary of State Hay sent the
European powers the “Open Door” note,
claiming the U.S. had the right to equal
trade in China. Imperialists felt new
overseas markets and sources of raw
materials were crucial to the strength of
the U.S. economy
What was Dollar Diplomacy?
Dollar Diplomacy
• Taft’s policy aimed at furthering the
economic interests of the United States in
Latin America by encouraging the U.S.
business investment in foreign countries.
What were the major causes and results
of the Spanish American War?
Sinking of USS Maine 1898
Spanish American War: Main Causes
1. Yellow Journalism
• Yellow journalism is a term coined by the New York Times that
refers to the sensationalism that had become common in the
newspapers of William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. In
terms of the Spanish-American War, the press had been
sensationalizing the Cuban revolutionary war that had been
occurring for some time.
2. Remember the Maine!
• On February 15, 1898, an explosion occurred on the USS Maine in
Havana Harbor. When 266 Americans were killed in the explosion,
many Americans, especially the press, started claiming that the
event was a sign of sabotage on the part of Spain. "Remember the
Maine!" was a popular cry.
Spanish American War: Results
Treaty of Paris Ends the Spanish American
War
• The Treaty of Paris officially ended the Spanish
American War in 1898. The war had lasted six
months. The treaty resulted in Puerto Rico and
Guam falling under American control, Cuba
gaining its independence, and America
controlling the Philippines in exchange for 20
million dollars.
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
Roosevelt Corollary
• In what came to be known as the
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine, Roosevelt asserted that
European nations should not intervene
in the Western Hemisphere, however
under certain conditions, United States
military intervention might be justified
“Carry a Big Stick”.
Why did the U.S. build the Panama Canal?
How did the U.S. get permission to build the
Panama Canal?
Panama Canal
• Shortened the travel time and distance for
a ship travelling between the Pacific
Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It was
begun by the French in 1881, but
abandoned in 1889. The United States
gained construction rights after Panama
declared its independence from Colombia
in 1903 (with help from Teddy Roosevelt
and a little “Gunboat Diplomacy”)
What were the major reasons for U.S. Entry into
WWI?
Reasons for U.S. Entry into WWI
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare and the Lusitania:
There were unauthorized German submarines along the US East
coast threatening U.S. freedom of the seas. Germany's resumption
of unrestricted submarine warfare in the spring of 1917 provided the
final straw for US politicians, and America declared war.
Zimmerman Telegram:
Other points influenced entrance to the war, but the Zimmerman
Telegram (sometimes called the "Zimmerman note" or "Zimmerman
telegraph") finally pushed the US to war.
Economics:
Some say the "bankers" were involved. The U.S. had huge
economic investments with the British and French. If they were to
lose, then they would not be able to pay the U.S. debt back
(amounting to about two billion dollars while Germany only borrowed
a mere 27 million).
What was the focus of Wilson’s 14 Points?
Wilson’s 14 Points
Wilson's speech on January 8, 1918, focused on free trade,
open agreements, democracy and right to self-determination.
Included in his “points” were:
• No secret treaties
• Freedom of the Seas
• More free trade
• Reduction of arms
• Less colonialism (Right to Self
Determination) by which he meant the right
of nations to rule themselves.
• League of Nations to promote peace
What were the weaknesses of The Treaty of Versailles?
Why did the United States Congress oppose the Treaty of Versailles?
What were the weaknesses of The Treaty of Versailles?
•
•
•
•
•
•
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•
PROVISIONS
The treaty established nine new nations.
It carved five areas out of the Ottoman Empire and gave them to France and
Great Britain as mandates, or temporary colonies.
Barred Germany from maintaining an army.
Required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France and pay
reparations, or war damages, amounting to $33 billion to the Allies.
provided for the creation of the League of Nations, an organization intended to
arbitrate international disputes and thereby avoid future wars.
WEAKNESSES
Weakened the ability of the Treaty of Versailles to provide a lasting peace in
Europe.
Eventually lead to the Second World War
Humiliated Germany-contained a war-guilt clause forcing them to admit sole
responsibility for starting World War I. ( also, destroyed Germany’s economy
as a result of the huge reparations)
Why did the United States Congress oppose the Treaty of Versailles?
•Congress, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, believed the treaty would undermine U.S.
sovereignty and could force the nation into another war.
What caused the Red Scare & Palmer Raids?
Red Scare & Palmer Raids
• Shortly after the end of World War I and
the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the
Red Scare took hold in the United
States. A nationwide fear of communists,
socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents
suddenly grabbed the American psyche in
1919 following a series of anarchist
bombings.
What was the Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome Scandal
• Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall,
without competitive bidding, had leased
the U.S. naval petroleum reserve at
Wyoming's Teapot Dome to a private oil
company. Albert Fall was convicted and
sent to prison
What did the1920 Census show?
1920 Census
• The 1920 census marked the first time in
which over 50 percent of the U.S.
population was defined as urban. More
people lived in cities than in rural areas
What was the Hawley Smoot Tariff?
Hawley Smoot Tariff
•
1930, passed by the U.S. Congress; it brought
the U.S. tariff to the highest protective level yet
in the history of the United States.
•
The act brought retaliatory tariff acts from
foreign countries, U.S. foreign trade suffered a
sharp decline, and the depression intensified.
What was the Great Migration?
Great Migration Causes
• The great migration refers to the
movement of African Americans from
the southern United States to the north
after WWI, from 1910 to 1930. The
African Americans migrated to these
areas to look for employment (job)
opportunities.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
Harlem Renaissance
• the Harlem Renaissance was a literary
and intellectual flowering that fostered a
new black cultural identity in the 1920s
and 1930s.
• It launched the literary careers of such
writers as Langston Hughes, Zora Neale
Hurston, and Claude McKay
What was the Scopes Trial?
Scopes Trial
• Informally known as the Scopes Monkey
Trial - This 1925 Tennessee trial pitted
Clarence Darrow and William Jennings
Bryan in a fight over the teaching of
evolution in the schools and also pointed
to the growing divisions in American
society between religious fundamentalism
and modernism
What were the
MAJOR CAUSES
of the
Great Depression?
There are several causes of
the Great Depression, but
the most obvious causes are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Overproduction
Banking & Money Policies
Stock Market Actions
Political decisions
FARMERS STRUGGLE
• No industry suffered as
much as agriculture
• During World War I
European demand for
American crops soared
• After the war demand
plummeted
• Farmers increased
production (overproduction)
sending prices further
downward
Photo by Dorothea Lange
So, to summarize it,
HIGH DEMAND
for consumer goods
and
agricultural products
led to
OVERPRODUCTION.
Buying on Credit
increased
personal debt.
Higher interest rates
caused
LESS DEMAND
for goods.
Buying on Margin
was a
risky market
practice.
Bank loans for
stock purchases
was an
unsound practice.
In summary,
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff
created trade wars
and worsened
world economic conditions.
Huge increase in taxes
hurt companies and
individuals.
Let’s Review the
MAJOR CAUSES
for the
Great Depression:
1. Overproduction
(responding to high demand for goods)
2. Banking & Money Policies
(low interest rates,
buying on the margin (credit),
raise in interest rates,
low reserve rates for banks.)
3. Stock Market Practices
(buying on the margin,overspeculation,
bank loans for stock purchases)
4. Political decisions
(Smoot-Hawley Tariff,
Increase Income Tax)
What were the causes of the Dust Bowl?
Causes of the Dust Bowl
• The Dust Bowl was a period of severe
dust storms causing major agricultural
damage to the Great plains from 1930 to
1936. The phenomenon was caused by
severe drought, decades of over farming,
and wind erosion
What was the Bonus Army?
What was the Bonus Army?
• World War I veterans who gathered in Washington, D.C.,
in 1932 to demand payment of their promised bonuses.
More than 12,000 veterans and their families camped
near the U.S. Capitol, urging support for a bill to force
early payment of bonuses already voted by Congress.
When the bill was defeated, most of the crowd returned
home, but some angry protests caused local authorities
to ask Pres. Herbert Hoover for federal assistance. Army
troops led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur drove out the
protesters and burned their camps. In 1936 Congress
finally enacted a bill that paid nearly $2 billion in
veterans' benefits.
New Deal Programs
Directions: Complete the following Table
New Deal Act
Securities and
Exchange Commission
Glass-Steagall Act
Social Security Act
Acronym
Year
Significance
New Deal Programs
Directions: Complete the following Table
New Deal Act
Acronym
Year
Significance
Securities and
Exchange Commission
SEC
1934
Regulated stock market and restricted margin buying.
Glass-Steagall Act
FDIC
1933
Created federally insured bank deposits (FDIC)
1935
Response to critics (Dr. Townsend and Huey Long), it provided pensions,
unemployment insurance, and aid to blind, deaf, disabled, and dependent children.
Social Security Act
What were some criticisms of the New Deal?
New Deal Critics
• Many conservative Americans, argued that the New Deal
violated the Constitution and sought to impose socialism,
although many liberals and socialist leaders believed
that FDR was not doing enough.
• The “radio priest” Father Charles E. Coughlin turned on
Roosevelt over deficit spending (the increasing national
debt) and the Federal Reserve. Louisiana’s “Kingfish”
Huey Long challenged Roosevelt, promoting his “Share
the Wealth” program that would have restricted how
much the wealthy could earn and impose high taxes on
those with the greatest incomes.
Analyze the following Cartoon
What event marked the
beginning of World War II?
What event marked the
beginning of World War II?
• The date generally given is 1 September
1939, when Germany invaded Poland. It
ended on 2 September 1945 with the
surrender of Japan.
What was the Munich Agreement?
What was the Munich Agreement?
• The Munich Agreement was a pact between
Nazi Germany, Italy, France and the United
Kingdom.
• The pact appeased Hitler and allowed Germany
to take over the Sudetenland.
• British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was
willing to sign the Munich Agreement to avoid
war, and in his own words “preserve peace in
our time”
Why did Congress pass the Neutrality Acts?
Why did Congress pass the
Neutrality Acts?
• Between 1935 and 1939 Congress passed
four neutrality acts to limit America's
involvement in foreign conflicts.
• In 1937 the act also added a two-year
"cash-and-carry" provision permitting
Americans to trade with countries who
paid cash and transported the goods on
non-U.S. vessels
What was the Lend Lease Act 1941?
What was the Lend Lease Act
1941?
• Lend-Lease was a program of the United
States Federal government during World
War II which enabled the United States to
provide the Allied nations with war material
while the US was still officially a neutral
country.
• This program was the first large step away
from American isolationism and towards
international involvement since the end of
WWI.
When was Pearl Harbor attacked?
1941
What was the purpose of the following poster?
What is her name?
What was the purpose of the following poster?
• this powerful symbol recruited two million
women into the workforce to support the war
economy while men were off fighting the war.
• Those ads made a tremendous change in the
relationship between women and the workplace.
employment outside of the home became
socially acceptable and even desirable.
What is her name?
Rosie the Riveter