Transcript AHON Chapter 20 Section 3 Lecture Notes

Chapter
20 Section 3
Objectives
• Explain why and how the United States built the
Panama Canal.
• Discuss how presidents expanded upon the
Monroe Doctrine to intervene in the affairs of
Caribbean nations.
• Describe how relations between the United
States and Mexico became strained under
President Wilson.
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Chapter
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Terms and People
• isthmus– a narrow strip of land joining two
larger areas of land
• William C. Gorgas– American expert on
tropical diseases who helped reduce outbreaks
of yellow fever and malaria in Panama
• corollary– a logical extension of a doctrine or
proposition
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20 Section 3
Terms and People (continued)
• dollar diplomacy– a policy based on the idea
that economic ties were the best way to expand
American influence
• Francisco Villa– Mexican rebel general pursued
unsuccessfully by the U.S. in 1916
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How did the United States use the
Monroe Doctrine to justify
intervention in Latin America?
By 1902, the United States was a world power
with a strong economy and overseas colonies.
The nation’s leaders were eager to extend
American power and influence, especially in
Latin America.
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Chapter
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After the Spanish-American War, the U.S. wanted
a faster route between the Atlantic and Pacific
oceans.
The trip around South
America was 14,000
miles and took 2
months.
President Roosevelt
wanted to solve the
problem by building a
canal in Panama.
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The Isthmus of Panama was an ideal location for
the canal. Panama was a province of Columbia.
Roosevelt offered
Columbia $10
million plus
$250,000 yearly
rent.
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Columbia’s
government
refused. They
wanted more
money.
Chapter
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Roosevelt made a secret deal with the
Panamanian people.
He told them the U.S. would support Panama if it
claimed independence.
The Panamanians rebelled in 1903. The U.S.
military provided support and recognized
Panama’s independence.
The U.S. paid Panama for permanent use and
control of part of the isthmus.
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In 1904, the U.S. began to build a canal across
Panama.
Building could not
begin until yellow
fever and malaria
were controlled. They
were spread by
mosquitoes.
William C. Gorgas
told workers to
drain swamps
where mosquitoes
lived.
By 1906, Gorgas had reduced the incidence of
both diseases in Panama.
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Construction of the canal involved three
major tasks.
Finally, they
had to erect
the canal’s
giant locks.
First, they
had to cut
through a
mountain.
Then they
had to dam
a river.
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The most challenging job was digging the 9-mile
ditch called the Gaillard Cut.
Thousands of laborers faced harsh conditions.
Tropical sun
Heavy rains
Mudslides
Over 6,000 workers died building the canal.
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20 Section 3
The Panama
Canal opened on
August 15, 1914.
The Atlantic
and the Pacific
were joined.
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Chapter
20 Section 3
Roosevelt wanted the United States to be the
leader in the Western Hemisphere.
In 1904, Roosevelt
announced that the U.S.
had the right to act as an
international police power.
This policy of “carrying a
big stick” became known
as the Roosevelt
Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine.
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President William Howard Taft favored a
policy known as dollar diplomacy.
Taft urged the U.S.
to invest heavily in
Asia and Latin
America.
He used the
military to protect
these investments.
Many Latin Americans resented U.S. interference.
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U.S. foreign policy asserted U.S. power in the western
hemisphere.
U.S. Policy in Latin America, 1823 – 1909
Monroe Doctrine
(1823)
Roosevelt
Corollary (1904)
Dollar Diplomacy
(1909)
Monroe asserts that
the United States
will not permit
European nations to
interfere with the
free nations of Latin
America.
Theodore Roosevelt
reinforces the
Monroe Doctrine by
claiming the right
to use force to
prevent
intervention in Latin
America.
Taft’s policy aims to
protect U.S.
economic
investments in Latin
America and in other
regions.
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President Woodrow Wilson believed the U.S.
should nurture democracy in the world.
Wilson hoped Mexico’s 1911 revolution would lead
to democracy.
Wilson said the U.S. should “watch and wait.”
In 1914, Mexico arrested U.S. sailors in a minor
incident.
Wilson sent in the navy. Over 100 Mexicans were
killed.
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Mexican rebel general Francisco “Pancho” Villa
also drew Wilson into Mexican affairs.
In 1916, Villa’s rebels raided
the town of Columbus, killing
18 Americans.
Wilson sent General Pershing
to capture Villa, but he was
unsuccessful.
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Between 1898 and 1916 the United States began
to extend its sphere of influence in the Caribbean.
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20 Section 3
Section Review
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