Transcript Spanish-American War

BELLWORK: Jose Marti
• For bellwork today, you
will read about Jose Marti
– one of the most
important authors and
Cuban nationalists in
Latin American history.
• After you read, answer
the five questions that
follow. Be ready to
discuss!
The
SpanishAmerican
War
The final steps towards the U.S. becoming a global power
America Becoming a World Power
• Between the 16-18th centuries, Asia (especially China and
Japan) were isolated from the rest of the world.
• Open Door Policy (1853): Commodore Matthew Perry sailed
to Tokyo and “opened” or “negotiated” trade.
• The growth of Asian markets stimulated the U.S. economy.
America Becoming a World Power
• 1867 – U.S. seized the
Midway Islands in the
Pacific (strategic for trade
with China & Japan)
• 1867 – U.S. buys Alaska
from Russia
• Within a year after
purchase, gold, copper,
and oil are discovered in
Alaska.
Prudhoe Bay on
Alaska’s North Coast
Causes of the Spanish-American War
• Cuba had struggled for 30 years over independence from
Spain.
• Some argued Cuba was part of the U.S. - geographically
close & great economic potential (sugar)
• 1895 – Cuban rebels (led by Jose Marti) launched a fight
for independence. Spanish retaliated by placing them in
concentration camps.
• 1896 – McKinley elected President; openly supports
Cuban independence.
Causes of the SpanishAmerican War: Cuban
Independence
• To learn more about Cuba’s struggle for
independence from Spain, U.S.
involvement and how it contributed to the
Spanish-American War, read pgs. 388-394
in the Latin American textbook.
BELLWORK: 9/16
1. Why did the economic crisis (1890’s) cause Cubans to
seek independence? How was Marti involved?
2. How did minorities, like blacks and women, contribute
to Cuban independence?
3. List five reasons why the U.S. took an interest in Cuban
affairs (page 125)
4. Why did U.S. business leaders complain about the
situation in Cuba? What were these leaders fearful of?
5. THINKER: What did the 1898 Teller Amendment rule?
Following the war, how did the U.S. violate this?
Teller Amendment: 1898
Platt Amendment: 1901
• “The United States hereby
disclaims any disposition of
intention to exercise
sovereignty, jurisdiction, or
control over said island except
for pacification thereof, and
asserts its determination, when
that is accomplished, to leave
the government and control of
the island to its people."
• “The United States has the
right to intervene for the
preservation of Cuban
independence, the
maintenance of a government
adequate for the protection of
life, property, and individual
liberty."
Partner Discussion & Review
• List the three goals of US
occupation of Cuba.
Which goal do you think
was the most important
to establish stability in
Cuba? How did Cubans
respond?
• How did America’s
stance on Cuba change
after McKinley was
elected?
BELLWORK: September
th
19
1. What is Yellow Journalism?
• Characteristics
• How did it contribute to the Spanish-American
War?
2. Who were the Rough Riders?
3. THINKER: Do newspapers still use Yellow
Journalism today? Should it be illegal, or is it
protected under the First Amendment? (freedom
of the press)
Characteristics of Yellow
Journalism
1. Scare headlines in huge print, often of minor
news
2. lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings
3. use of faked interviews, misleading headlines,
pseudo-science, and false facts from so-called
experts
4. Full Color
5. Sympathy with the "underdog" against the system
Origins of Yellow Journalism
The U.S.S. Maine
• U.S. Naval warship stationed in Havana harbor.
• On February 15, 1898 an explosion sunk the ship, killing
250 Americans
• Yellow journalism blamed Spain & public agreed
• Yellow Journalism: exaggerated or completely false
news stories (sold more papers!)
• Scientists believe the explosion was actually caused by a
coal fire, leading to the explosion of
magazines/ammunition. (or underwater mine???)
U.S.S. Maine = WAR!
• February explosion of warship U.S.S. Maine;
Americans blame Spain
• April 11, 1898 – Congress declares Cuba’s
independence
• April 24, 1898 – Spain declares war
• U.S. also begins to focus on the Spanish territory of
the Philippines.
• Why was it necessary for the U.S. to get control of
the Philippines?
Fighting the Spanish-American War
• Cubans and Filipinos were promised independence if
they fought alongside American troops.
• Rough Riders: 1st US Volunteer Regiment; 1,250
volunteers used to fight in the Spanish-American War.
• Led by Theodore Roosevelt
• War was primarily fought in the Caribbean and the
Pacific
– Beneficial for the US and our powerful Navy
• After 10 weeks, the Spanish surrendered
Battle of San Juan Hill (Cuba)
Battle of Manila Bay
(Philippines)
End of the Spanish American War
• After the U.S. won, Spain signed an armistice (ceasefire).
• In October 1898, both countries signed the Paris Peace
Treaty
– Spain granted Independence to Cuba, Guam, Puerto
Rico and the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million.
• Caused the collapse of the Spanish Empire
• Cuba and Philippines were eventually given complete
independence but Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S.
territories.
U.S. Occupation of Cuba
Teller Amendment: 1898
Platt Amendment: 1901
• “The United States hereby
disclaims any disposition of
intention to exercise
sovereignty, jurisdiction, or
control over said island except
for pacification thereof, and
asserts its determination, when
that is accomplished, to leave
the government and control of
the island to its people."
• “The United States has the
right to intervene for the
preservation of Cuban
independence, the
maintenance of a government
adequate for the protection of
life, property, and individual
liberty."
Long Term Impact
• After their victory, the U.S…
– Solidified their sphere of
influence in the Americas
– Became a major player in
world affairs
– Created military & trade
bases around the world
– Gained access to foreign
markets
• But….. It increased antiU.S. sentiment in the region
Crash Course History: SpanishAmerican War
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfsfoF
qsFk4
CLOSURE
• In your notes, create a cause and effect chart.
• This will be review for the causes and effects
of the Spanish American War.
• Try and come up with five causes and five
effects.
• Should include both long-term and short-term
• We will discuss once you are finished!
BELLWORK: September 21st
• Read Source C on page 132 and respond
to the following:
– With reference to its origin, purpose and
content, evaluate the value and limitations of
Source C to historians studying McKinley’s
decision to annex the Philippines.
Sp-Am War Cartoon Project
President William McKinley
• McKinley’s
presidency divided
the nation on
multiple levels
• Wealthy industrialist
• Business interests
• Imperialistic “warhawk”
• Expansionism is our
“destiny!”
McKinley’s Assassination
• On September 6, 1901, McKinley was shot at the World Fair in
Buffalo, NY by Leon Czolgosz.
• Czolgosz was a proclaimed anarchist who thought the
government was too corrupt and did not help the lower classes.
• After McKinley died, Roosevelt became the new American
President.
• He was the youngest president ever, and had completely
opposite ideals from McKinley.
• He brought happiness to the “common folk” who were fighting
for change.
• Czolgosz was executed October 29, 1901
+
=
"I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good
people – the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime.”
~ Leon Czolgosz
Imperial Debate Activity
• Clearly, Americans were not afraid to exert their
imperialistic might! Not all Americans, however, were
pleased with McKinley’s imperial policies. You will now
read about the Imperial debate using pgs. 130-132.
• After you read, describe the arguments of both sides of
the imperial debate.
• After you describe them, you will complete the “imperial
debate activity” on pg. 131 and answer the six activity
questions.