Transcript Effects of WWII in Europe

BELLWORK: BLOCK 2
“Effects of the Second World War in Europe” – pages 190-195
1. WWII was more economically devastating than
WWI….WHY???
2. Summarize the Allied plan for European recovery.
3. How was the cultural heritage of Europe damaged by
WWII?
4. List three political effects of WWII (could include
population, governments, international relations,
geographical changes, colonies, etc.)
5. THINKER: How were politics different post-WWI vs. postWWII?
EFFECTS OF
WWII IN
EUROPE
EFFECTS IN POST-WWII GERMANY
• Germany was totally
defeated, and the Nazi
regime brought down. Its
leaders were tried for
crimes against humanity at
Nuremberg.
• German cities were in
ruins from a massive
bombing campaign.
• Germany was divided into
4 zones of occupation by
the victorious powers
EFFECTS IN POST-WWII ENGLAND
• England was devastated
by the war, having
experienced extensive
bombing during the 1940
blitz by the Germans.
• The economy depended on
recovery & aid from the
United States.
• England rapidly phased
out most of its remaining
colonies in the years
immediately following the
war.
EFFECTS IN POST-WWII FRANCE
• Recover from the impact of Nazi
occupation
• Like England, France would
dismantle its colonial empire in
the years following the war. This
was a particularly traumatic and
drawn out process for the
French, in Algeria and in
Vietnam where they fought
prolonged and bitter wars in an
attempt to maintain their
colonial control.
• England and France no longer
held a status of power
comparable to the United States
or the Soviet Union.
EFFECTS IN POST-WWII USSR
• The Western USSR was
destroyed from land warfare
• But, in the process of defeating
the Germans, the Russians had
built a large and powerful army,
which occupied most of Eastern
Europe at the end of the war.
• WWII was seen as a triumph of
communism over fascism
• The great resources and
population of USSR assured that
the Soviet Union would be,
along with the United
States, one of two superpowers.
EFFECTS IN POST-WWII U.S.
• The United States economy was
greatly stimulated by the war, even
more so than in World War I.
• By avoiding the physical destruction
of war, the U.S. economy dominated
the world economy.
• After 4 years of military buildup, the
U.S. had also become the leading
military power.
• US could no longer be isolationist
since all of Western Europe
depended on strength of democracy.
• The position of the United States as
world leader was now more obvious
than ever.
ECONOMIC COST
#1) WWII was much more economically devastating than
WWI……. WHY???
• Fighting all over Europe
• Aerial bombing left millions dead, destroyed
transportation, communication, industry and farmland
• Victors emerged from the conflict almost as
devastated as the losers (Britain & USSR)
ECONOMIC COST
Country
Cost ($ in
2010)
United States
$288 billion
Great Britain
$117 billion
France
$111 billion
USSR
$93 billion
Germany
$212 billion
Japan
$41 billion
Manila, Philippines
#2) Plan for
recovery???
#3) CULTURAL CENTERS OF EUROPE: 1945
Dresden &
Cologne
(Germany)
London
Warsaw
BEFORE (LEFT) AND AFTER (RIGHT) THE LUFTWAFFE BOMBING
OF FRAMPOL, POLAND. IT WAS A PRACTICE RUN FOR FUTURE
MISSIONS & ALMOST TOTALLY DESTROYED THE CITY. 90% OF
THE TOWN'S INFRASTRUCTURE WAS DESTROYED; ONLY TWO
STREETS REMAINED UNTOUCHED.
ALLIED BOMBING
After the introduction of the P51B
Mustang in 1944, the bombing campaign
intensified and they were able to take on
Luftwaffe fighters. By June 1944, the
Germans were not able to recover and
the Allies had total air superiority.
A B-24
BOMBING
RAID
OVER OIL
REFINERI
ES IN
ROMANIA
GERMAN CITIES DESTROYED BY BOMBING
Hagen
67 / 100
Hamburg*
75 / 100
Hanover
60 / 100
Kassel
69 / 100
Berlin*
Bochum
33 / 100
83 / 100
Bremen
60 / 100
Chemnitz
41 / 100
Cologne*
61 / 100
Kiel
50 / 100
Dessau
61 / 100
Leipzig*
20 / 100
Dortmund*
54 / 100
Magdeburg
41 / 100
Dresden*
59 / 100
Mainz
80 / 100
Duisburg
48 / 100
Mannheim
64 / 100
Düsseldorf*
64 / 100
Munich*
42 / 100
Essen*
50 / 100
Nuremberg
51 / 100
Frankfurt*
52 / 100
Stettin
53 / 100
* Indicates cities with a population over 500,000
BOMBING CASUALTIES
• 60,595 British civilians
• 160,000 airmen (Europe)
• More than 500,000 Soviet
civilians
• 67,078 French civilians
• 305,000–600,000 civilians in
Germany
• 50,000 Italians killed by
Allied bombing
INCENDIARY BOMBS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsnRksAMy8M
Bombers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2y63mn5MgI
DIVE-BOMBERS AND
COMBAT AIRCRAFT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JF3Ej62MqXE
POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES
#4) List three political effects of WWII (could include
governments, geographical changes, colonies, etc.)
• Massive migration, forced relocation, refugees, etc.
• All the countries the Red Army liberated – Poland, Hungary,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania – became one-party
regimes under Stalin’s control
• The end of WWII (atomic bomb, Yalta, reparations) increased
US-USSR hostilities = Cold War
• Growing hostility between the Western Allies and USSR, led
to a permanent division of Germany in 1949
• European countries could not maintain control of oversea
empires
BY THE END OF WWII, 20 MILLION
PEOPLE WERE DISPLACED
#5) THINKER:
HOW WERE
POLITICS
DIFFERENT
POST-WWI VS.
POST-WWII?
PARTNER DISCUSSION
As you know, WWII was fought in
several theaters – land, sea, and
air… why did the fighting, as well
as new weapon technology,
contribute to it’s classification as
a “total war?”
CAROUSEL BRAINSTORM: WWII
FIGHTING
• In order to review key
aspects of the nature of
WWII fighting, you will
complete a carousel
brainstorming activity.
• How does this work?
• Work together!
Discuss! Review!
WHAT SHOULD YOU
INCLUDE???
•
•
•
•
•
•
Overall tactics/strategies
Allied strengths/weaknesses
Axis strengths/weaknesses
Important technological/military
developments
How this impacted WWII
How/why this contributed to a “total war”
WHY WAS WWII
A “TOTAL
WAR?” LIST AS
MANY
REASONS AS
POSSIBLE!
WWII AS A “TOTAL WAR”
Fullest mobilization possible……
Utilize all human & material resources
Mobilization of the homefront (Victory gardens, bonds, rationing)
Conscription
Use of propaganda in daily life
Government used all weapons at their disposal
Government developed new weapons capable of high death tolls
Civilian/population centers were targets
Goals of the countries involved were “total:”
• Germany: total domination and takeover of USSR/Europe & elimination of inferior
races
HOMEWORK: DUE FRIDAY
Second World War in the Pacific: Allies vs. Japan
• Read the “combatants” and “strategy” sections:
pages 205-211
• Complete the front of the green worksheet