Transcript west France newspaper

12.7
Chapter 12
Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation
Essential Question: To what extent should the
United States have become involved in world affairs
in the early 1800s?
Questions
• Name 3 additions that have been made
over time to the White House
• Why did it have to be repaired, or almost
rebuilt after 1814?
• Have they had the same bathtub the entire
time? Explain?
Learning Goals/Targets:
Chapter 12: Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation
EQ: “To what extent should the United States have become
involved in world affairs in the early 1800s?”
1.What was President Washington’s foreign policy?
2.How did President Adams keep peace with France?
3.What was Thomas Jefferson’s foreign policy with dealing with piracy?
4.What did President Madison do to protect sailors and settlers?
5.Why did President Monroe create an isolationist foreign policy for the US?
Key Terms:
neutrality, isolationism, embargo, blockade, Monroe Doctrine
12.1 Questions
1.
Guided Reading:
a. Describe the significance of the items in the claws of the
eagle.
b. What does the Great Seal symbolize?
c. What year was the Great Seal approved by Congress?
1.
Examination:
a. List at least 3 items from the great seal that use the
number 13
12.1 Introduction
Have you got a dollar bill?
The Unfinished Pyramid = Strength and Endurance
The bald eagle =United States Symbol.
The Olive Branch in the Claw=peace
The Arrows in the Other Claw=War
**Which way does the eagle face? Why?
Now turn the dollar over!
George Washington
The first president and the first to define U.S. foreign
policy in the early years of the nation’s history!
Learning Goals/Targets:
Chapter 12: Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation
EQ: “To what extent should the United States have become
involved in world affairs in the early 1800s?”
1.What was President Washington’s foreign policy?
2.How did President Adams keep peace with France?
3.What was Thomas Jefferson’s foreign policy with dealing with piracy?
4.What did President Madison do to protect sailors and settlers?
5.Why did President Monroe create an isolationist foreign policy for the US?
Key Terms:
neutrality, isolationism, embargo, blockade, Monroe Doctrine
12.2 President Washington Creates a Foreign Policy
1789: America was militarily weak.
The army Washington commanded
during the American Revolution had
disbanded.
The government didn’t have any
money to keeps to keep the army
active.
Americans had learned that a standard
national army could take away their
liberties and believed state militia
troops could handle things.
* The French Revolution : At first, Americans were thrilled,
but that changed in 1793 when France declared war against
Great Britain!
• Back in 1788, the United States signed
a treaty of alliance with France
• Knowing America wasn’t prepared for
war, Washington declared
NEUTRALITY!
Washington’s policy of avoiding alliances with
other countries = ISOLATIONISM!
For the next century (100 years) isolationism
would be the foundation of U.S. foreign policy!
12.3 President Adam’s Dilemma: Protecting U.S. Ships
Staying neutral proved to be difficult!
12.5
The Jay Treaty, 1794
•Washington sent John Jay, chief justice of the
Supreme Court to London to settle things with
Great Britain for their refusal to leave posts in the
Ohio Valley.
•France, still at war with Great Britain, viewed
this treaty as a violation of their treaty made with
America in 1778.
•1796, France ships start attacking U.S. merchant
ships bound for Great Britain.
•Over the next year, French seize 316 American
ships!
The XYZ Affair (James Bond)
• Adams sent three envoys to France to end attacks!
• French foreign minister, Talleyrand, refused to speak with
Americans and sent secret agents instead!(X,Y,and Z)
• There would be no peace talks unless Americans paid
tribute!
• President Adams recruited 10,000 men & built 12 new
ships for the nation’s tiny navy!
American Privateers and warships captured 80 armed French
vessels!!!
1. In 1800 Napoleon agreed to end France’s
alliance of 1778, in exchange France would not
have to pay for all the ships they’d seized.
2. The U.S. government would pay ship owners for
their lost property! A small price for peace!
3. Choosing the “Olive Branch” cost Adams his
popularity and lost him his re-election. The
Federalist party would slowly fade away.
John Adams had no regrets. He wrote….
I will defend my missions to France, as long as I
have an eye to direct my hand, or a finger to
hold my pen…. I desire no other inscription
over my gravestone than: “Here lies John
Adams, who took upon himself the
responsibility of the peace with France in the
year 1800.”
John Adams, Summary
• Foreign Policy:
– Tried to remain isolated, but could not.
– XYZ Affair
– Declared “half war” with France.
– Eventually negotiated peace treaty with Napoleon, was
hated for it.
12.5 President Jefferson’s Dilemma:
Dealing with Pirates (and Britain and France)!
• By 1803, Great Britain and France were at war again!
• Both sides seized American ships that were trading with their
enemy!
• Jefferson, “England has become a den of pirates and France has
become a den of thieves.”
• Still, like Washington and Adams, Jefferson tried to stick to a policy
of neutrality.
Some Jefferson Background
Link to Hamilton vs. Burr Duel Facts
Hamilton vs. Burr Duel Video Link
IMPRESSMENT!
1. Great Britain was not only seizing ships, but impressing American
sailors! (Kidnapping them and forcing them to serve in the
British navy!)
2. British claimed some men were deserters from British navy.
3. 1807, the Leopard warship (British) stopped the Chesapeake
(US) to search for deserters & the Leopard open fired and
killed/wounded 21 American sailors!
4. WAR FEVER BROKE OUT AGAIN: This time with GREAT
BRITAIN!
PIRACY!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
American merchant ships faced the threat of pirates along the
coast of the Mediterranean Sea near North Africa: the Barbary
States!
Pirates seized ships and held crew for ransom! (Captain Phillips)
President Washington and Adams paid tribute to the Barbary
States leaders in exchange for safety. They had paid over $2
million.
While Americans were shouting… “Millions for defense, but
not one cent for tribute!”, during the XYZ Affair, the US was
sending $ to the Barbary States!!
The ruler of Tripoli demanded more and more or he would
declare war on the US!
What should Jefferson do???
Pirates of the
Mediterranean
12.6 What Happened:
Jefferson Solves the Pirate Problem---WAR.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Jefferson sent warships to Mediterranean to protect U.S. Ships.
1804---Ships bomb Tripoli and set up blockade.
U.S. Ship Philadelphia ran aground. Captain and crew
captured and held for ransom. Crew set the ship on fire rather
let pirates have ship.
1805, Tripoli signed a peace treaty with the US.
Tripoli agreed to stop demanding tribute payments. The US
would pay $60,000.00 ransom for the crew of the Philadelphia!
It was a bargain for the US!
The Philadelphia
Jefferson’s desperate attempts in the Atlantic!
1. Great Britain and France continue seizing American ships
between 1803-1807!
2. Jefferson proposes an embargo! (a halt on trade with other
nations!) The Embargo Act of 1807.
3. Upwards of 55,000 American sailors and merchants lost their
jobs! Hurt the U.S. more than it did anyone else.
4. Congress repealed the unpopular Embargo Act in 1809
Ships returned to sea, and French and British warships kept
attacking them!
5. Barbary Pirates don’t keep to their word! 1815, U.S. and European naval
forces finally destroy the pirate bases.
Jefferson’s Embargo Act hurt the Americans
more than the Europeans!
Jefferson Summary
Foreign Policy:
1. Strived for Isolationism.
2. War with Barbary Pirates. Destroyed pirate bases.
3. Embargo with France and Britain. FAILED.
Accomplishments:
1. War with Barbary Pirates.
2. Purchased the Louisiana Territory from France (1803) for $15 million and doubled
the size of the United States
3. Advocated states' rights over national institutions in stark difference to his
predecessor John Adams
4. Drastically cut federal government spending and reduced the national debt by more
than 25 percent.
5. Lewis and Clark.
Jefferson Summary
Interactions with other countries:
1. War with Mediterranean pirates.
2. Embargo with all other nations.
3. Louisiana Purchase.
Land Gained/Lost:
1. Louisiana Purchase. (1803) A land deal between the United States and
France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of
land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million dollars.
Burr vs. Hamilton Background
• Burr defeats
• Burr runs for governor
Hamilton’s fatherof N.Y. in 1804,
in-law for a senate
Hamilton makes fun of
seat in 1791
him in the newspaper
• Hamilton
• Burr challenges
convinces others to Hamilton to a duel,
vote for Jefferson
saying he “dishonored
in 1800 tie.
him”
Rules for a duel
• 1) A challenger issues a public grievance
(complaint) against someone
• 2) Challenged person either apologizes, or
chooses the weapons for the duel
• 3) Both people brought “seconds” to negotiate
peace before the duel
• 4) One could shoot intentionally at the ground,
and “give up honorably”
The Duel
• In Weehawken, NJ.
• Each man given a
pistol, one bullet.
• Hamilton chose the
higher ground
• Hamilton shot
first, high above
Burr’s head.
• Burr shot back,
hit Hamilton in
the ribs
Aftermath
• Hamilton dies the next day, is buried in
Manhattan
• Burr is indicted for murder, but the case
never reaches a trial
• Burr remains Vice-President, becomes a
lawyer after.
Learning Goals/Targets:
Chapter 12: Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation
EQ: “To what extent should the United States have become
involved in world affairs in the early 1800s?”
1.What was President Washington’s foreign policy?
2.How did President Adams keep peace with France?
3.What was Thomas Jefferson’s foreign policy with dealing with piracy?
4.What did President Madison do to protect sailors and settlers?
5.Why did President Monroe create an isolationist foreign policy for the US?
Key Terms:
neutrality, isolationism, embargo, blockade, Monroe Doctrine
Louisiana Purchase (280-281)
• What was the main reason that the United States
wanted the Louisiana territory?
• How was Napoleon going to be a problem in getting
this land? Explain.
• What happened that made Napoleon change his
mind?
• Some people didn’t approve the purchase. Would
you like this new land, or would it be a problem?
Trivia Practice
• Read pgs 232-234 individually.
• Discuss with your group once all are
finished reading.
• You can use your textbooks and
notebooks during trivia.
Create A Chart
What I know about the
Star-Spangled Banner
What I found out
12.7 President Madison’s Dilemma: Protecting
Sailors and Settlers
James Madison, 1809
1. Proposed to Great Britain and France that if they stop their
attacks on American ships, the US will stop trading with their
enemy.
2. Napoleon Bonaparte (France) agreed
~ except Napoleon lied and continued seizing American ships .
3. Wanting to believe… Madison cut-off all trade with Great
Britain!
4. Great Britain continued to seize American ships and impress
sailors.
Trouble as settlers move west…
1.
November 7,1811, Shawnee warriors fought against U.S. militia led by
Indiana governor, William Henry Harrison in the Battle of Tippecanoe
Creek!
2.
Americans defeated the Indians, but learned that they were armed with
British guns!
3.
War Hawks (Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of
South Carolina) were ready to go to war with Great Britain and drive them
out of Canada.
Was our nation strong enough to Launch arrows of war?
Should Madison hold tightly to the olive branch of peace?
Madison thinks about abandoning George
Washington’s policy of isolationism and going to
war with GREAT BRITAIN!
New England
and Federalists..
The South and
The West….
Opposed war, as it
meant a blockade and less trade.
Supported going to war!
Resented Great Britain’s policy
of impressing sailors!
They also accused Great Britain
for stirring up trouble with the
Indians
12.8 What Happened: The War of 1812
Isolationism is abandoned!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Congress declared war on Great Britain on July 17,1812.
With only 7,000 poorly trained men and 16 navy ships!
Battles at Land and Sea
War Hawks couldn’t take Canada.
Sept ember 10, 1813, Oliver Hazard Perry captured British
fleet in Lake Eerie---which allowed Harrison to push into
Canada!
Chief Tecumseh died while fighting on the side of the British!
By December, British drive Americans back across the
border.
MORE EVENTS OF THE WAR OF 1812
1.
2.
3.
Napoleon (France ruler), 1814, is defeated in Europe. Great
Britain can now send more troops to Canada!
August 1814, British invade Washington, D.C. !!! Madison fled
for his life!
British attack port city of Baltimore, Maryland. September 13th,
Francis Scott Key watched as the British bombarded Fort
McHenry… when dawn broke… the flag was still flying. The fort
had not been captured! He wrote a poem…. “The Star-Spangled
Banner”
Whitney Houston
sings Star Spangled
Banner at Super Bowl
12.2
The Battle of New Orleans..
1.
2.
3.
British fleet surrenders to U.S. forces after the Battle of Lake
Champlain in New York…. But the news traveled SLOWLY...
January 8, 1815.. British commanders attacked New Orleans,
defended by General Andrew Jackson, and a ragtag army of
7,000 militia, free African Americans, Indians, and pirates..
This was the GREATEST U.S. VICTORY of the War of 1812!
--Two weeks earlier,
American and British
diplomats met in
Ghent, Belgium had
signed a peace treaty..
Lego Version of Battle of New Orleans.
Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans
Results of the War….
Both sides claimed victory ~ neither sides really won.
The problems of seizing and impressments seemed to fade.
However..
1.
2.
3.
4.
Indian resistance in the northwest weakened after
Tecumseh’s death. Soon they would be driven out of the
Ohio Valley.
National pride in the U.S. surged! The War of 1812 was the
second war for independence!
Political damage, the Federalists Party, who opposed war,
never recovered.
Two war heroes – William Henry Harrison and Andrew
Jackson would be elected presidents!
Learning Goals/Targets:
Chapter 12: Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation
EQ: “To what extent should the United States have become
involved in world affairs in the early 1800s?”
1.What was President Washington’s foreign policy?
2.How did President Adams keep peace with France?
3.What was Thomas Jefferson’s foreign policy with dealing with piracy?
4.What did President Madison do to protect sailors and settlers?
5.Why did President Monroe create an isolationist foreign policy for the US?
Key Terms:
neutrality, isolationism, embargo, blockade, Monroe Doctrine
12.9 President Monroe’s Dilemma: A New
Foreign Policy Challenge
12.10
1. Elected in 1817, James Monroe welcomed policy of
Isolationism after the War of 1812.
2. Attention shifted off of Great Britain and now onto
events happening in Latin America!
3. Latin America’s Revolution!
• Revolt against Spanish rule lasted 10 years~ until Mexico
finally won its independence! (Miguel Hidalgo)
• Venezuela (Simon Bolivar) in the north and Argentina
(Jose de San Martin) in the south, won their independence
from Spain!
New Latin American Nations
1.
Americans were excited by independence movements in Latin
America! So was Great Britain, as now they could trade with
them.
2.
Other European leaders were not excited, and talked of
helping Spain recover its lost colonies…
3.
1832, Great Britain asked the U.S. to join in sending a message
to these leaders telling them to leave Latin America alone!
4.
James Monroe asked Jefferson and Madison for advice…
•
Should the United States do something to support Latin America?
---If so, what?
12.10 What Happened: The Monroe Doctrine
1.
2.
3.
Both Thomas Jefferson and James Madison liked the idea of
joining with Great Britain to send a warning to the nations of
Europe!
Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, thought it would be
more dignified for the United States to speak boldly for itself!
1823, James Monroe spoke to Congress about the new policy,
The Monroe Doctrine. North and South American were
‘free and independent’ and could not be colonized by any
European power! Europe was to STAY OUT of the
Americas.
4.
5.
Europeans denounced his policy as arrogant!
Americans were proud to see the United States stand up for
the freedom-loving people of Latin America!
The Monroe Doctrine joins Isolationism as a
Basic Principle of U.S. Foreign Policy.
The United States would not accept European
interference in American affairs!
The United States was no longer a weak
collection of quarreling states. It had
become a strong and confident nation –
a nation to be respected by the world!!!
Review Question
• Think about the map you just saw. Why do
you think the United States is being very
hypocritical? (Saying something is wrong
but still doing it yourself)
• Give at least one example to support your
answer!
• Think about what we know the map will
eventually look like to help your answer.
Learning Goals/Targets:
Chapter 12: Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation
EQ: “To what extent should the United States have become
involved in world affairs in the early 1800s?”
1.What was President Washington’s foreign policy?
2.How did President Adams keep peace with France?
3.What was Thomas Jefferson’s foreign policy with dealing with piracy?
4.What did President Madison do to protect sailors and settlers?
5.Why did President Monroe create an isolationist foreign policy for the US?
Key Terms:
neutrality, isolationism, embargo, blockade, Monroe Doctrine
Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation.
To what extent should the United States have
become involved in world affairs in the early
1800s?
Answer in a five-paragraph essay.
1st Five Presidents Video Link